Vuhumelerisi byo xavisa bya swikowa leswi dyiwaka byi tlakukile kutlula ka 30 kusukela hi lembe ra 1978, laha shiitake (Lentinus edodes) yi endlaka kwalomu ka 22% wa swikowa swa misava hinkwayo. Tinxaka tin’wana ta nkoka ta swikowa tikatsa oyster, button na brown mushroom (Agaricus spp) enoki na leti dyekaka ta jelly fungi (Auricularia spp). Tinxaka leti ta ntlhanu ti endla kwalomu ka 85% wa swikowa leswi byariwaka emisaveni hinkwayo.
Ehandle ka kuva ku rimiwa swakudya swa nkoka leswinga hoxaka xandla eka nhlayiseko wa swakudya, vuhumelerisi bya swikowa I ndlela ya kahle yaku tirhisa masalela ya switirhisiwa swa vurimi kufana na matoto ya tihuku na tinhlanga ta koroni.
Swikowa I swakudya leswi fuweke hi swakudya leswinga tirhisiwaka eka ndzhawu ya nyama naswona swina mimbuyelo yotala swinene ya swa rihanyo. Tlhandla kambirhi, endzhaku ka kuhumelerisiwa ka swikowa, manyoro lawa ya tirheke (mushroom compost) ya lulamerile kuva swinonisi swa misava hikokwalaho ka vuswikoti bya wona byaku engetelela organic matter eka misava.
Xana Iyini Xikowa
Ahi xiharhi kuimbe ximilani, swikowa swiwela eka mfumo wa fungi. Swikowa i swimirani swo bumbula swa fungi leswingana tshindi, xambhulele nati gills kambe kuna swin’wani leswingariki na tshindi. Swikowa swimila eka manyoro lawa ya tirhaka tani hi swakudya hikuva swihava chlorophyll naswona swingaka swinga ti endleli swakudya hiswoxe kufana na ximilani.
Swikowa hinkwaswo swi humelerisa mbewu leyi hangalasiwaka hi moya, loko xikowa xi helerile yivaka xikarhi xikula eka manyoro lawa xinga mila eka wona. Enhoveni, manyoro lawa swinga endleka kuva kuri timhandzi letinga bola, kambe eka mapurasi ya swikowa lawa ya xavisaka, swimila ehenhla ka manyoro.
Vuhumelerisi bya Misava Hinkwayo bya Swikowa
China hi rona muhumelerisi nkulu emisaveni hinkwayo (ritlhela riva mutirhisi) wa swikowa laha ri humelerisaka kutlula 5 million wati tonnes leti humelerisiwaka hi lembe. Italy (761 000 tonnes), USA (390 000 tonnes), Netherlands (301 000 tonnes) na Poland I matiko lawa ya tivekaka tani hi vahumelerisi.
Afrika Dzonga ri humelerisa kwalomu ka 21 000 tonnes hi lembe (2018) laha hafu ya vahumelerisi va swikowa vanga e Gauteng, 28% e Western Cape, na 17% in KwaZulu-Natal. Swin’wana swa swikowa swa Afrika Dzonga swi xaviseriwa matiko yale handle, hi xitalo matiko akelana yofana na Namibia na Mauritius.
Matimu ya Vurimi bya Swikowa e Afrika Dzonga
Purasi rosungula ra swikowa e Afrika Dzonga kungava kuve ra gynaecologist Dr Charles Kark eka ndzhawu leyi sweswi kunga exivindzini xa doroba ra Sandton. Kahle kahle, xinambyani lexi tsemakanyaka hile green park exivindzini xa doroba ra Johannesburg lexi vuriwaka ‘Silver Stream’ vito leringa thyiwa purasi ra swikowa na bindzu ro chela eswikoteleni leringava kona hi malembe yava 1950s na 1960s. Endzhaku rivuye ri xaviseriwa Tiger Brands kutani rixaviseriwa Tongaat Mushrooms leyi hinkarhi walowo ayi hlanganile na Denny Mushrooms.
Nhlangano wa South African Mushroom Farmers’ Association (SAMFA) wu tumbuluxiwile hi lembe ra 1984 naswona wutirhisa tihakelo ta vuswirho kuva wu endla vulavisisi naku tixavisa.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni