Komisa nge ayisi yindlela yelicebo lephakeme yekupakisha kudla. Ngalananchubo, kudla lokufakwe emakhatane kuyadvonseka ngaphansi kwemandla ekuvalela emanutrition kanye nesinongo. Isetjentiswa yi National Aeronautics ne Space Administration yase USA (iNASA) kwentela kulungiselela kudla kwema astronauts kepha phindze kutfolwa kabanti kumasuphamakethe kanye nasetitolo letitsengisa ngalokuningi.
Komisa nge ayisi kwacalwa ngu Jacques-Arsene d’Arsonval wase Paris ngemnyaka wa 1906 kwase muva kusetjentiswa ngesikhatsi seMphi yeSibili yeMhlaba kwentela kugcina ingati. Ngemnyaka wa 1950 lenhlangano yekomisa kudla yacala futsi kenyalo ngeminyaka ya 2020, kudla lokomisiwe kufaka titselo, inyama kanye netinatfo letilungiswa ngekushesha kanjalo nekudla lokuvele sekulungisiwe kwentela labahlala etigangeni, labagibela tintsaba, emasotja kanye nema astronauts.
Indlela yeKomisa nge Ayisi
Lendlela yelichinga lekomosa nge ayisi yi Iyophilization.
Komisa nge ayisi yindlela lapho khona emanti (noma lendlela lesemkhatsini) iphushutwa ngelizinga leliphansi lekubandza phindze isuswe ngekuncibikiliswa. Kuncibikilisa yindlela lapho khona emanti asuka esigabeni sekuba sigadla (ayisi) kuya esimeni sekuba ngumoya (vapour) ngaphandle kwekutsi incibilike ibe ngemanti.
Kuncibilika kulendlela yekomisa ingachazeka ngetigaba letintsatfu; komisa nge ayisi, kufutfwa noma komisa ngekubekwa elangeni.
Ngesigaba lesingiso sendlela yekonisa nge ayisi, ekucaleni lokudla kufakwa ezingeni lelitsite lelijwayelwe. Kubalulekile komisa kudla ngekushesha. Komisa kancane kwakha tigadla letinkhulu letibulala lingekhatsi lekuma kwenhlayiya phindze kulimate lelizinga lekugcina lalokudla.
Sigaba sesibili kubeka lokudla lokomile ngaphansi kwaloko lokuphuphutsako bese kwesitsatfu, kushisa kuyafakwa kwentela kunika emandla kule ayisi kute igucuke ibe ngumoya. Umoya wemanti ubutsitswa ngetindlela letimcoka. Lesisigaba sekomisa sisusa lokungaba ngu 95% wemanti phindze kungatsatsa emahora lambalwa kuya kutinsuku letimbili. Indlela yesibili yekomisa namazinga lakhulisiwe kususa emanti langakancibiliki kulokudla.
Lokudla kwekugcina lokomisiwe kutfwele emkhatsini wa 1% na 4% walokumantana. Emacemabe lagadzekile lomisiwe ema nutrients lamakhulu akatsikameteki phindze abanga kuncipha lokuncane kulesakhiwo lesisekhatsi salokudla. Letinhlayiya letomisiwe kulolokwakhiwe nyalo tinesakhiwo lesasipontji lesiphindze sibambe bumantana ngesikhatsi lokudla kungenawo.
Ngemuva kwekomiswa, kwakhiwa kwekudla kupakishwa etipatjini letibalulekile noma etikoteleni letibese tiyasuswa ngagesi we nitrogen kwentela kususa i-oxygen.
Kudla Lokomisiwe
Imifanekiso yekudla lokomisiwe ifaka inyama, tinongo, lubisi lwemphuphu, cheese, emacandza, titselo kanye netinatfo letiphangiswako letifana netinhalvu telikhofi, litiya kanye netinatfo letiyimphuphu. Titselo takha tigadla letinkhulu (ngetulu kwa 30%) kwemakethe yalokomisiwe, kepha kukhulakwekudla lokulungile kufaka ipasta, isuphu, sitjulo kanye ne dessert.
Titselo nenyama kujutjwa kube ticucu letincane ngaphambi kwekutsi komiswe emakhateni kantsi futsi kuyatfolakala njengeticucu letomise emakhateni noma inyama legayiwe. Inyama, kudla kwasemantini nekudla losekuvele kulungele kudliwa kuyaphekwa ngaphambi kwekufakwa emakhateni kutsi kome kantsi kudzinga kutsi kwengetwe ngemanti nawukulungisa.
Imiphumelo yeKomisa
Komisa nge ayisi kugcina sinongo, libala, sakhiwo kanye nekubukeka kwekudla lokwakhiwe kube kukala konakala kwemanutrients ngekushisa. Tinhlolo tikale kudla lokomile ngetindlela tekomisa letehlukene – kugcinwa, kuphuphutfwa, komiswa kanye nekomisa nge osmotic – kwaphindze kwatfolwa kusinongo lesikahle kakhulu ngekomisa tintfo.
Tintfo letomisiwe tivame kuvutfuka phindze tinendlela leyomile kuletine kuya kuletisitfupha ngalokuncono (kungabamba bumantana kakhulu) kunaloko kudla lokomiswe ngemoya. Kunemanutrition, kuyavelela phindze kunesisindvo lesimelula – kulungele kuphatfwa etintsabeni – tindlela temidlalo phindze kumelula kukuhambisa ngemikhumbi yemanti kwentela kusetjentiswa nasekujakekile.
Ngekwengeta, komisa kudla kuchubela imphiloyelishelufa yetintfo letisentisha nekudla lokuvele sekulungisiwe kusuka emkhatsini wetinyanga letisitfupha neminyaka lemitsatfu etikhwameni kuya ebudzeni lobungangeminyaka lemashumi lamabili nesihlanu etikoteleni.
Kubita kwako nguyona ndlela lengasiyo lelungile yekomisa ngenca yekudliwa ngemandla laphakeme kanye nekunakekelwa.
Translated by Phindile Malotana