Ngaphambi kokobana umlimi athome ukutjala iintjalo, utlhoga kobana athole iinsetjenziswa anazo - ezinjengamanzi, inarha, ukusekelwa ngokwemmali kanye nabasebenzi. Lokhu kuzokuba nomthelelela emihlobeni yentjalo, iskhathi sokutjala, kanye nobukhulu bentjalo.
Abalimi batlhoga kobana bathathe isiqunto sokobana bafuna ukutjala iintjalo ezinjani, ikukhandela ukurhurhuleka kwehlabathi, nokwenza ngcono ipilo yehlabathi, nanyana nabatjalele kobana iintjalo zibe kudla kwefuyo yabo, nanyana nazitjalelwe kobana zibe kudla kurhwetjwe ngazo eenarheni zangaphandle, nanyana zisetjenziselwe ukwenza bi.
Iinsetjenziswa Zokutjala Iintjalo
Amanzi
Ukobana uzokutjala miphi imihlobo yentjalo, kuzokuya ngokobana yini esevele ikhona. Kobana akhona na amanzi wokuthelelelela, iinsetjenziswa zokuthelelela, i-borehole nanyana kobana izulu liyana na? Kobana ikhwalithi yamanzi injani, kobana kuzokuthelelelwa kangakhi, nokobana uthombo wamanzi unjani?
Inarha Nehlabathi
Kobana kunenarha engangani? Kobana kunomhlobo onjani wehlabathi, iinsebenzi ziyarhona ukufikelelela kiyo kanye nemitjhini. Ukuhlolwa kwehlabathi kobana kutholakale kobana mhlobo bani, izakhimzimba ezihlabathini, kanye nokuvunda kwawo kanye nokobana ifanelekile na kobana kungatjawa kiyo. Hleze ungadlumbana ngokuhlukanisa ihlabathi ibe maplodi amancani nokuyifaka ifensi ukwenzela bona ifuyo irhone ukudla izombeleze amadlelo, qeda ukwetjiwa kwefuyo, nokobana abomakhelwane bangene, abanye abantu kanye nefuyo.
Ukusekelwa Ngokwemmali
Kunemali engangani engasetjenziselwa ukutjala iintjalo. Kuzokudla kangangani ukutjala iintjalo nokobana kuzodlula isikhathi esingangani ngaphambi kokobana uzifuye Ukwenza isibonelo, madanisa iindleko zokutlama ingadi yama-olive, engathatha iminyaka embalwa ukobana yenze inzuzo nakumadaniswa nendleko zokutjala amahekuthara wemirorho ehlukahluekeneko, ezingavunwa unyaka woke. I-business plan eqinileko, iqakathekile ukobana abantu bathole iimali ezifana nama-grant nanyana-loan.
Abasebenzi
Ukutjala iintjalo eplasini lakho, kuya ngokobana ufuna iinsebenzi ezingangani, nanyana, kobana kunemitjhini engangani? Nange unabasebenzi, iintjalo zakho zizokukhambelana nezinye izinto zokulima na. Unayo na? Imitjhini nanyana uzoyiqatjha? Nange kunjalo, iindleko zembaseli zona zizoba ngangani, imirholo kanye namanye amarhono njengabatjhayeli abatlhogakalako, bentjalo ezithize.
Ngiziphi Iintjalo Ongazitjala?
Ukuthatha isiqunto sokobana uzokutjala umhlobo onjani wentjalo kufuna izinto ezinengi, begodu kungabakuhle kobana uthole iinluleko zabasabalalisi bembewu nanyana bezomnotho wokulima.
Itlayimedi nayiphikisana nentjalo
Itlayimedi yeplasi lakho, umhlobo wehlabathi kanye nezulu kuletha ipumelelo eentjalweni zakho. Ukwenza Isibonelo, amabele kanye ne-millet zintjalo ezingasabi isomiso begodu ezidliwa babantu kanye nefuyo, lokha itlayimedi enobuswe yenza bona kube nenthelo ezihle zebhanana kanye nomoba.
Ukusetjenziswa kwentjalo
Iintjalo zenza ngcono ihlabathi, zilethela ifuyo kanye nabantu ukudla beziletha nenzuzo. Iintjalo zingatjalwa hlangana nezinye ezitjalwe safuthi ezifana nemithi yenthelo, ukuzinzisa ihlabathi nanyana umehlelo nokwenza ngcono ukungenelela kwamanzi ehlabathini.
Ama-legume afana ne-cowpea angezelela i-nitrogen esehlabathini. Avala kuhle ihlabathi ekutjalwe kiyo iintjalo, abamadlelo amahle wentjalo, begodu angavunwa ngomncopho wokukha amakari wawo azele amaprotheyini, begodu imbewu yawo ingadliwa nababantu. Ngokufanako, amabele akasabi isomiso, begodu angezelela i-organic matter ehlabathini, begodu angadliwa nayifuyo, avunelwe iinthoro zawo, wenziwe ngawo ihoyi, lokukhiqiza i-bio-ethanol.
Inani lentjalo
Iripoti eyenzelwe ukuhlola umkhiqizo wezelimo, ukudliwa kwentjalo, amanani wokurhweba eSewula Africa wangonyaka ka-2018 ukuya ku-2027, eyenziwe yihlangano ye-Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP) sele uhlole amaTREND wentjalo eSewula Africa.
Iintjalo ezitjalwa mva nje eSewula Africa, zitjengisa amatjhuguluko ekutjalweni kwentjalo. Sele litjengise bona iintjalo ezifana nesiphila esisarulana (ekungesiphiwa ifuyo khulu) kanye ne-soyabean sele kungizo ezitjalwa khulu, ngebanga lokobana isiphila esimhlophe siyabiza, ngebanga lokobana abantu abanengi badla sona khulu, njengepupu. Isphila esimhlophe asilethi inzuzo ebatjalini baso, begodu itlhogakalo yesphila esidliwa yifuyo yinengi, ngebanga lokobana abalimi basithenga khulu, basithengela ifuyo yabo, ngemva kwesomiso samva nje.
Indleko Zokukhiqiza Iintjalo
I-Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP), iphengula bonyana hlangana konyaka ka-2018 ukuya kwewaka-2027 inani lembaseli elikhuphukako kanye neranda eliwako nalimadaniswa nezinye iimali zakwezinye iinarha, kuzokwenza bona iindleko zokulima ezifana nemvundisi kanye nembaseli zikhuphuke. Njeke ukusetjebziswa kuhle, kwensetjenziswa kungaphungula iindleko.
Ukuhlanganisa ama-legume ehlanganiseleni yamadlelo nanyana iintjalo ezitjalelwa ukwenza inzuzo kungarhelebha ukwakha i-nitrogen ehlabathini, begodu kungaphungula iindleko zukuvundisa nge-nitrogen. Ngokufanako, ukusebenzisa iinsalela zentjalo njengekhompowusti kanye nokufaka i-mulch kungakha ubuswe ehlabathini bekuphungule nendleko zokunisela.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana