Ngaphambi kokuthi umlimi aqale ukulima kwabo, kudingeka abheke izinsiza ezikhona - amanzi, umhlaba, imali kanye nomsebenzi. Lokhu kuzothinta uhlobo lwesilimo, isikhathi sokutshala kanye nosayizi wokutshala.
Umlimi futhi udinga ukunquma ukuthi isitshalo sizosetshenziselwa ini - ukuvikela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukuthuthukisa impilo yenhlabathi, njengokuphaka kwemfuyo, njengokudla kwabantu, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe noma ukusetshenziswa kwasendaweni noma njengesilimo semali? Vele, imingcele efana nohlobo lwesimo sezulu, ukufinyeleleka ezimakethe, okokusebenza kanye nesidingo nakho kuzothonya ukulima kwezitshalo nezinqumo ngakho.
Imithombo Yokulima Izitshalo
Amanzi
Ukunquma ukuthi yisiphi isitshalo okufanele sitshale kuzoncika kulokho osekuvele kutholakala. Ingabe kukhona amanzi okunisela, imishini yokunisela, isikebhe noma amanzi emvelo njengemvula ejwayelekile? Lithini ikhwalithi yamanzi, angavumelani kangakanani ukutholakala kwamanzi futhi isivuno sizokwazi ukuzivumelanisa nomthombo wamanzi?
Umhlaba Nenhlabathi
Ungakanani usayizi womhlaba? Ngabe iyatholakala kwabasebenzi noma ngemishini futhi luhlobo luni lomhlabathi? Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ukuthola uhlobo lomhlabathi, okuqukethwe ngomsoco womhlabathi nokuzala kanye nokufaneleka kokulima izitshalo kubalulekile. Cabanga ukuhlukanisa umhlaba ube iziza ezincane bese uwubiyela ukuze uvumele amadlelo ajikelezayo, anciphise ukweba kanye nokufinyelela kwezilwane zomakhelwane nabantu.
Izimali
Yiziphi imali ezikhona zokutshala isivuno? Isilimo sizakuba namandla amakhulu kangakanani, nokuthi kuzodlula isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuthengisa. Isibonelo, qhathanisa izindleko zokusungula isivuno somnqumo esizothatha iminyaka embalwa ukukhombisa inzuzo ngokuqhathaniswa nezindleko zokuqalwa kwamahektha emifino ehlukene, angavunwa unyaka wonke. Uhlelo lwebhizinisi oluqinile lubalulekile ukufinyelela imali enjengemalimboleko noma isibonelelo.
Abasebenzi
Ngabe ukulima kwezitshalo epulazini lakho kufuna umsebenzi wezandla noma ingabe imishini iyatholakala? Uma abasebenzi batholakala, ingabe ukulima kwezitshalo kuyodlula nezinye izici zokulima? Ngabe imishini ikhona noma imishini ingaqashwa? Uma kunjalo, nquma izindleko zikaphethiloli, imiholo kanye namakhono athile njengabashayeli abadingekayo kwisitshalo sakho esithile.
Yiziphi Izilimo Zokutshala
Ukunquma ukuthi izitshalo ezingatshalwa kuphi kungaba nzima futhi nezeluleko zomhlinzeki wembewu noma ezomnotho kwezolimo zingaba usizo.
Isimo Sezulu vs Isitshalo
Isimo sezulu sepulazi lakho, uhlobo lomhlabathi kanye nemvula kuzocacisa impumelelo yesilimo. Isibonelo, amabele nemabele kuyizitshalo ezingamelana nesomiso ezilungele ukondliwa kwabantu nezilwane, kanti isimo sezulu esinomswakama sizothanda ukukhiqizwa kukamoba kanye nomoba.
Ukusetshenziswa Kokugcina Kwezitshalo
Ngokufanelekile, isivuno sizothuthukisa inhlabathi, sinikeze izilwane izilwane kanye nokudla. Izitshalo nazo zingatshalwa phakathi kwezilimo ezihlala njalo ezinjengezihlahla zezithelo, ukuqinisa inhlabathi emithambekeni kanye nokwenza ngcono ukungena kwamanzi emhlabathini.
Izimbali ezinjengama-cowpeas zandisa i-nitrogen enhlabathini. Yisitshalo esihle kakhulu sekhava, inika izilwane amadlelo noma i-hay futhi ingavunwa ukuze amaqabunga ayo aqukethe amaprotheni nembewu edliwe ngabantu. Ngokunjalo, amabele ngendlela efanayo nesitshalo esibekezelela isomiso esikhulisa umanyolo emhlabathini futhi singadliwa yizilwane futhi sivuniselwe izinhlamvu zaso, ukwenza hay noma ukukhiqiza i-bio-ethanol.
Intengo Yezilimo
Umbiko 'ukubukwa kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo, ukusetshenziswa, amanani entengo kanye nokuhweba eSouth Africa ngonyaka we-2018 kuya ku-2027' yi-Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP) kubikezele ngemikhuba yezilimo zaseNingizimu Afrika.
Ukutshala kwakamuva kwezilimo zasensimini eNingizimu Afrika kukhombisa ushintsho olukhulu ekutshalweni kwezitshalo. Ukukhombisile ukuthi izilimo ezinjengommbila ophuzi (ikakhulukazi njengokudla kwezilwane) kanye no-soya ziyanda, ikakhulukazi ngokuchithela ummbila omhlophe, okuyisisekelo sokudla. Lokhu kungenxa yenzuzo yomibili ephansi yabakhiqizi bezimfuno kanye nesidingo sokudla okusanhlamvu kwezilwane njengoba abalimi bephinda benyusa imihlambi yabo ngemuva kwesomiso esisanda kwedlula.
Izindleko Zokufaka Ekuqaleni Kokukhiqiza Izilimo
I-Bureau for Ukudla Nenqubomgomo Yezolimo (i-BFAP) nayo ibikezela ukuthi phakathi konyaka ka-2018 kuya ku-2027 amanani entengo kawoyela kanye nehla lokushintshisana lokushintshwa kwamarandi aseNingizimu Afrika maqondana nezinye imali kuzonyusa izindleko zokufaka zokulima komanyolo nophethiloli. Ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kusebenza zombili kunganciphisa izindleko.
Translated by Nsika Khoza