Loko murimi angase sungula vurimi byakwe bya swimilani, u fanele ku languta switirhisiwa leswi angana swona - mati, misava, timali na vatirhi. Leswi switava na xiave eka muxaka wa swibyariwa, nkarhi wo byala xikan’we na vukulu bya swibyariwa.
Murimi u fanele kutlhela a teka xiboho eka leswi swibyariwa swingata tirha swona - kusivela nkhukhulo wa misava, ku anstwisiwa ka rihanyo ra misava, tani hi swakudya swa swifuwo, tani hi swakudya swa vanhu, kuva switirhisiwa laha kaya kumbe e matikweni mambe, kumbe swiva swibyariwa swa cash?
Swilaveko Swaku Rima Swibyariwa
Mati
Kutiva muxaka wa swibyariwa leswingata byariwa switaya hi leswi swinga kona nkarhi walowo. Xana kutava na mati ya ncheleto, switirhisiwa swo cheleta, mati ya borehole kumbe mati ya ntumbuluko kufana na mpfula leyi naka nkarhi hinkwawo. Xana khwalithi ya mati yinjhani, xana mphakelo wona wukahle kufika kwihi naswona swibyariwa switakota ku tolovela laha mati lawa ya humaka kona ke?
Nsimu Na Misava
Xana kuna nsimu yikulu kufika kwihi? Yikota kufikeleriwa hi vatirhi ke kumbe michini naswona yina misava ya njhani? Swikambelo swa misava kutiva muxaka wa misava, swakudya leswinga koa xikan’we naku nona ka misava kukatsa na kuringanela ka yona swina nkoka swinene. Teka xiboho xaku ava misava hi swiphemu swohambana kutani u bihelela ku pfumelela leswaku swifuwo swita dya hiku cinca cincana, kuhunguta kuyiviwa hi vamakhelwani xikan’we naku fikeleriwa hi swifuwo swa vaakelani na vanhu.
Timali
Kuna timali tanjhani taku byala swimilani? Xana swimilani swilava mali yotani hikwihi naswona swinga teka nkarhi wotani hikwihi swinga se hela loko ntshovelo wunga se xavisiwa, Xikombiso, pimanyisa tihakelo taku sungula xirhapa xati olives leswinga tekaka nkarhi woleha kuva swikombisa mbuyelo kutani uxi pimanyisa na tihakelo ta hectare ya matsavu yo hambana hambana, lawa yanga tshoveriwaka lembe hinkwaro. Kungu ra bindzu rotiya rina nkoka kuva ku kumeka timali tofana na loan kumbe grant.
Vatirhi
Xana kurimiwa ka swibyariwa swa wena swinga lava kutirhiwa hi vanhu kumbe muchini wakumeka? Loko vatirhi varikona, xana vurimi bya swibyariwa leswi byinga hundzela eka swin’wana swa vurimi? Xana michini yakumeka kumbe michini yinga lombiwa ke? Loko swiritano, tiva tihakelo ta mafurha, miholoxikan’we na ntokoto wokarhi kufana na vachayeri loko valaveka eka vurimi bya swibyariwa swokarhi.
Xana Hiswihi Swimilani Leswi Byariwaka
Ku teka xiboho eka swibyariwa leswi ungata swibyala swatika naswona vutsundzuxi kusuka eka muphakeri wa mbewu kumbe agricultural economist swingava na nkoka.
Maxelo vs Swibyariwa
Maxelo yale purasini, muxaka wa misava na mfpula swita kombisa kuhumelela ka swibyariwa swa wena. Xikombiso, sorghum na millet I swibyariwa leswinga karhatiweki hi dyandza leswi lulameleke kuva swidyiwa hi vanhu kumbe swifuwo, loko maxelo yotsakama yava kahle eka vuhumelerisi bya ti banana na mimova.
Leswi Swibyariwa Swingata Tirhisiwa Swona
Kahle kahle, swibyariwa swita antswisa misava, switisa swakudya eka swifuwo na vanhu xikan’we naku nghenisa mali. Swibyariwa swinga tlhela swibyariwa exikarhi ka swibyariwa swa nkarhi hinkwawo swofana na misinya ya mihandzu, leswaku kutava na ntshamiseko wa misava lomu ku voyameke xikan’we naku antswisa kutswongiwa ka mati hi misava.
Ti legumes tofana nati cowpeas ti engetelela nitrogen eka misava. I xibyariwa xakahle swinene xoengetelela, lexi nyikaka madyelo kumbe hay eka swifuwo naswona tinga tshoveriwa hikwalaho ka matluka ya tona lawa ya fuweke hiti protein na mbewu leyinga dyiwaka hi vanhu. Swahatetano, sorghum nayona yi kondzelela hindlela leyi fanaka dyandza kutani yi engetelela swakudya eka misava naswona yinga dyiwa hi swifuwo kutani yi tshoveleriwa ti ndoho ta yona, ku endla hay kumbe ku endla vuhumelerisi bya bio-ethanol.
Nxavo Wa Swibyariwa
Xiviko xa 'ndzavisiso wa vuhumelerisi bya vurimi, madyelo, tihakelo na maxaviselo e Afrika Dzonga ya 2018 kuya eka 2027’ hiva Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP) xikombise leswi swibyariwa swingatava xiswona e Afrika Dzonga.
Swibyariwa leswi swaha ku byariwaka e Afrika Dzonga swikombeta ku cinca swinene eka mabyalelo ya swimilani. Swikombete leswaku swibyariwa swofana na mavele ya xitshopani(tani hi swakudya swa swifuwo) nati soybeans swile ku tlakukeni, ngopfu ngopfu ematshan’weni ya mavele yobasa, leswinga swakudya swa siku na siku. Leswi swi endiwa hi leswi kungana mbuyelo wale hansi swinene xikan’we nakuva kulaveka ka swakudya swa swifuwo swa tindoho van’wamapurasi vari eku swixaveni hikwalaho ka dyandza leringava kona eka nkarhi lowaha ku hundzaka.
Tihakelo Leti Tirhisiwaka Ku Humelerisa Swibyariwa
Va Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP) va ehleketelela leswaku exikarhi ka 2018 kuya eka 2027 ku tlakuka ka tihakelo ta mafurha xikan’we naku tsana ka rhandi ya Afrika Dzonga loko yi pimanyisiwa na matiko yan’wana swita endla leswaku tihakelo ta vurimi tita tlakusa tihakelo ta swononisa na mafurha. Kutirhisiwa kahle ka switirhisiwa leswi swinga hunguta tihakelo teto.
Kukatsiwa ka ti legumes eka madyelo lawa ya katsa katsiweke kumbe swibyariwa swinga pfuna swinene eka ku aka nhlayiso wa nitrogen emisaveni naswona swinga hunguta tihakelo to nonisa misava hi nitrogen. Hi laha swifanaka, kutirhisa masalela ya swimilani tani hi manyoro xikan’we naku chela swondlalelaswinga endla leswaku kuva na ndzhongho emisaveni kutani swihunguta tihakelo ta ncheleto.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni