Phambi kokuba umfama aqalise ukulima izivuno, kufuneka ajonge ubukho bezinto azakuthi azidinge-amanzi, umhlaba, imali kunye nabasebenzi. Konke okubandakanyiweyo kuchaphazela uhlobo lwesivuno, ixesha lokutyala, kunye nobungakanani bezityalo.
Umfama kufuneka agqibe okokuba isivuno uzakusisebenzisa entwenini - ukuthintela, ku khukhuliseko lomhlaba, ukuphuhlisa impilo yomhlaba, okanye njengo kutya kwezilwanyana, nokuba mhlawumbi njengokutya kuluntu, zizakuthengiswa kumazwe angaphandle okanye kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika okanye zithengiselwe wonke umntu? Eneneni izinto ezifana nohlobo lwesimo sezulu, ukufumaneka kwentengiso, izixhobo, kunye nezidingo zonke eziza kuchaphazela ukulinywa kwesivuno nezigqibo malunga ngoko.
Izinto Ezifunekayo Zokulima Izivuno
Amanzi
Ukugqiba okokuba utyale ziphi izityalo kuxhomekeka koko kufumanekayo. Ingaba kukho amanzi okunkcenkceshela, izixhobo zokunkcenkceshela, umgxuma ophuma amanzi phatsi komhlaba, okanye amanzi emveli afana nemvula? Ingaba umgangatho wamanzi unjani, ingaba amanzi afumaneka maxa onke kwaye ingaba isivuno siyahambiselana nendawo evelisa amanzi?.
Indawo no Mhlaba
Ingaba ingakanani indawo yomhlaba efumanekayo? Ingaba abasebenzi bayafikelela okanye oomatshini kwaye loluphi uhlobo lomhlaba? Uvavanyo lokuqonda uhlobo lomhlaba, ubungakanani bezinongo zomhlaba, kunye nokuchuma okuhamba nokulungele ukulima zibalulekile. Mhlawumbi kungangcono ukohlula umhlaba ngokwentsimi ezincinci ze ufake ucingo ukuze ukwazi ukujikelezisa okanye ukutshintshisa inkomo zidle engceni, nciphisa ubusela kunye nokuthi izilwanyana zabamelwane kunye nabanye abantu banga ngeni emhlabeni wakho.
Imali
Ingaba ikhona imali efumanekayo ukuze utyale izivuno? Ingaba isivuno sizakudinga imali engakanani kwaye lingakanani ixesha elizakugqitha phambi kokuba isivuno sivunwe sithengiswe. Umzekelo, thelekisa ixabiso lokuqala igadi ye olives ethabatha iminyaka embalwa phambi kokubonakalisa ingeniso mali xa kuthelekiswa nendleko zokuqala ihektare yemifuno eyohlukileyo, enokuthi ivunwe nanini na enyakeni. Icebo le shishini elibhalwe phantsi elomeleleyo liyadingeka ukuze kufumaneke imali mboleko okanye isibonelelo.
Abasebenzi
Ingaba ukulima izivuno kwi fama yakho kuzakufuna abasebenzi okanye oomatshini bakhona? Xa abasebenzi befumaneka, ingaba ukulima izivuno kuzakuchaphazela nezinye iindawo zokulima? Ingaba oomatshini bayafumaneka okanye ungakwazi ukubaboleka ngemali? Ukuba kunjalo, gqiba ngendleko zamafutha wemoto. Imivuzo, kunye nezakhono ezikhethekileyo ezifumanekayo njengaba qhubi abadingekayo kuhlobo lwesivuno sakho.
Ungatyala Esiphi Isivuno
Kunganzima ukugqiba okokuba utyale esiphi isivuno kwaye ingcebiso yomthengisi wembewu okanye osebenza ngezolimo ingaluncedo.
Isimo Sezulu kunye Nesivuno
Isimo sezulu kwifama yakho, uhlobo lomhlaba kunye nemvula zizo ezizakuchaza impumelelo yesivuno sakho. Umzekelo amazimba ne millet ziyanyamezela kwimbalela kwaye zizivuno ezilungele ukutyiwa luluntu nokutyisa izilwanyana, logama isimo sezulu esifumileyo silungele ibhanana kunye nemveliso yomobe weswekile.
Abasebenzisi be Zivuno
Ngesiqhelo, isivuno senza ngcono umhlaba, sinikeza ukutya kwizilwanyana nabantu kwaye sinikeza ingeniso mali. Izityalo zingatyalwa ngaphakathi kwezityalo ezingasokuze zisuswe njenge mithi yeziqhamo, ukwenza umhlaba uzinze kwimimandla eyonyukayo nokwenza ngcono ukungena kwamanzi emhlabeni.
Iimbotyi ezifana ne cowpeas zonyusa izinga le nitrogen emhlabeni. Zizityalo ezilungele ukogquma ezinye, ziyakwazi ukutyiwa zizilwanyana, okanye ingca yezilwanyana ingavunwa ngenxa yamagqabi atyebe kwi protein nenkozo ezityiwa luluntu. Ngokufanayo amazimba nawo ayanyamezela kwimbalela oko konyusa ukomelela komhlaba ongena zikhemikhali ungatyiwa zizilwanyana okanye uvunwe njenge ngqolowa, ukwenza ingca yokutyisa izilwanyana okanye kwimveliso ye bio-ethinol.
Ixabiso le Zivuno
Ingxelo ebhaliweyo ethi ‘outlook of agricultural production, consumption, prices and trade in South Africa for 2018 to 2027’ enikezwe yi Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP) iqikelele izivuno ezizayo kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika.
Izityalo zakutsha nje zezityalo zasendle eMzantsi Afrika zibonakalisa umahluko omkhulu ekutyaleni izivuno. Ibonakalise okokuba izityalo ezifana nomgubo ka milimili otyheli (okukutya kwezilwanyana ixesha elininzi) kunye ne soybeans ziyanda, ikakhulu ngexabiso lomgubo kamilimili omhlophe, okukutya. Oku kwenziwa yingeniso mali ephantsi kubavelisi bengqolowa kunye nezidingo zokutya kwezilwanyana kuba amafama ayayongeza imihlambi yawo emveni kwembalela.
Indleko Zokuvelisa Izivuno
I-Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP) ithekelela okokuba phakathi ko 2018 ukuya kunyaka ka 2027 amaxabiso we oli onyukayo kunye nokwehla kwexabiso lemali mboleko yerandi lase Mzantsi Afrika xa kuthelekiswa nemali zamanye amazwe zizakonyusa indleko zokulima zesichumisi namafutha. Ukusetyenzisa kakuhle kwazo zombini ezizixhobo kungehlisa amaxabiso.
Xa udibanisa iimbotyi kwimixube yamadlelo okanye izifundo zemali kunganceda ukwakha initrogen egcinwayo emhlabeni kwaye yehlise amaxabiso we nitrogen echumisayo. Ngokufanayo, ukusebenzisa iintsalela zesivuno ukwenza isichumisi nokufaka umgquba kungokha ukufuma okubamba umhlaba kwehlise nendleko zokunkcenkceshela.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie