Muscat de Frontgnan
Muscadel

Ihlathululo

I-MuscadeleSewula Afrika kukhulunywa nge-Muscat de Blanc à Petite Grains kuthi nawutoligwako uhlathulule umhlobo omhlophe we-Muscat ovamise ukuba namamomori amancani. Unjalo nje uthathwa njengomhlobo omdala wamaderibe obegade ukhiqiza iwayini.

ISewula Afrika ikhiqiza umhlobo wewayini ephuma phambili emhlophe, ebonakala itjhuguluka njalo, begodu ifana nomhlobo waleyo emhlophe enganawo amamomori abomvu. Umsebenzawo omkhulu kukhiqiza amawayini abizwa nge-fortified wines.

Indabuko Nemvelaphi

Kuneenkolelo ezaziwa khulu zokobana ama-Romans athatha umhlobo omdala lo i-ancient Greek wasiwa enarheni ye-France, lapho watjalwa khona khulu e-Frontignan. Lokhu kwenze bonyana umhlobo lo ugcine waziwe nange-Muscat de Frontignan.

Amanye Amagamawo

Nangaphandle kwe-Muscat de Blanc à Petite Grains kanye ne-Muscat Frontignan, umhlobo wewayini emhlophe yaziwa ngokuthi yi-Gelber Muskateller e-Germany kanye ne-Muscat Canelli e-California. Ukmhobo obomvu waziwa ngokuthi yi- Brown Muscat e-Australia.

Ukukhiqizwa eSewula Afrika

I-Muscadel begade kungeminye yemihlobo eyasetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza iwayini yokuthoma eSewula Afrika, ngeminyaka yabo-1659, lokho kwaba ngemva kweminyaka embalwa kwafika u-Jan van Riebeeck eKapa. Umhlobo omhlophe kanye nobomvu we-Muscadel, ukufaka hlangana i-Pontac ebomvu, i-Frontignac kanyene-Steen emhlophe, zibalwa hlangana neminye imihlobo eyabeka imihlobo yewayini emnandi ngokwemvelo i-Constantia emebheni ngesikhathi se-18th and 19th Century.

Umhlobo lo wewayini wafumana idumo ngaphetjheya kwamalwandle, wathandwa khulu e-royal courts of Europe, ngokuthi ubenengoma ezivunywa ngawo ezenziwa ziimbongi nabatloli abadumileko.

Hlangana nabanyeu-Jane Austen’s Mrs Jennings in Sense and Sensibility, ngomunye owaphakamisabonyana “i-Constantia bonyana inamandla wokulaphaihliziyo edanileko” kuthi u-Charles Baudelaireekondlweni yakhe yesihloko esithi: Les fleur du mal (okuhlathulula amathuthumbo wobumbi) awaqathanisa nokukarisa kothandekako.

U-Napoleon Bonaparte kuthiwa wabawa ibhodlelo lewayini le nakalele embhedeni agulela ukufa. Koke lokhu kwaphela lokha i-Phylloxera, okumhlobo weemumwama ezimunya amanzana amnandi atholakala eenthelweni, ona imitjhana eminengi enahreni yeSewula Afrika ngeminyaka yabo-1886. Ukusuka lapho imithi etantelako yasuka yasekelwa ngokuthi ifakwe beyenzelwe amano wokuthi ikghone ukujamelana neenunwanezi, ngaleso isikhathi begade ingeniswa enarheni ukusuka e-North America.

ISewula Afrika begade kungenye yeenarhaukuyela ngesikhathi se-20th Century ebegade ikhiqiza i-Muscadel ebomvu kanye nemhlophe. Nokho isimo satjhuguluka ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, kwarholela bonyana i-Muscadel ikhiqize inani elisiquntu ukusukela ngaleso isikhathi.

Umkhiqizo Weemphande

Kuthe endaweni zomkhiqizo ophezulu kwehla izinga lomkhiqizo ngokukhamba kweminyaka, iinthelo zomhlobo lo zisatholakala eendaweni ezinengi ezikhiqiza iwayini zenarheni le. I-Robertson Valley ngiyo enemithi eminengi ye-Muscadel, ethatha isiquntu nangaphezulu sendawo yomkhiqizo.

Umhlobo lo obomvu uthela khulu endawweni ze-alkaline, ehlabathini etjhingelako ye-Klein Karoo,kuthi umhlobo omhlophe ubonakale uncono khulu ehlabathini ebizwa nge-loamy soils. Imihlobo le yombili uzwana nendawo enobujamo bezulu obufuthumeleko nobomileko.

Ukukhulu Nokuthela

Nokho umhlobo awukhuli khulu njengohlobana nawo i-Muscat d’ Alexandrie (eSewula Afrika owaziwa ngokuthi yi-Hanepoot). Unomkhiqizo obalelwa ukusuka ku-15 t/ha to 20 t/ha, umkhiqizwawo nokho uphasi khulu.

Ukuvuthwa

Ubukhulu bawo bunesilinganiso esiphakathi, begodu irondo. Umhlobo wombala omhlophe unombala osarula okuqarheke ngombala ohlaza satjani, kuthi umhlobo obomvu ubenamabala amthuthu ukuyela kabomvu okubukhali, nokho kuya nango nangendabuko yawo.

Amakari

Amakari wemihlobo yombili ahlaza satjani, adege, begodu arondo kanye nesiphetho esiyincenye erondo.

Iintjhabalalisi Namalwelwe

Umhlobo lo ulala uqale phasi nawulinyazwa lilanga begodu ubuthakathaka ekurhoreni komhlophe, ukutjhwaba kwangaphambi kweiskhathi, i-anthracnose, botrytis kanye nokubola okunambitha kumbi.

Umsebenzawo

Umhlobo lo usetjenziswa khulu ukukhiqiza umhlobo wewayini ebomvu kanye nemhlophe evamise ukuthengiswa ngaphasi kwegama le-Muscadel label. Kanti-ke isibalo esincani sawo sisetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza umhlobo obizwa nge-natural sweet wine.

Umnambitho

Iwayini le yaziwa ngokuphuma phambili naziza ekudidiyelekeni kunayo yoke imihlobo.Lezo ezenziwe kusesenesikhathi zivamise ukuba nomnambitho wamaderibe kanye newakamajika nelanga, ukuthi zibe sebujameni bokungatlhodlhekazinothe begodu zibe neminambitho yeliju, i-caramel kanye ne-toffee.Translated by Johannes Nkosinathi