Kuqakathekile bona ipilo yeentjalo ikhulele ehlabathini emumethe i-organic matter eyaneleko. I-organic matter iyahlukana ngemva kwesikhathi inikele amandla wama-microorganisms atlhogekako ukuragela phambili ukuhlukanisa i-organic matter, ekugcineni ibe ma-nutrients adingwa ziintjalo ukukhula.
Khuyini I-Organic Matter?
I-organic matter ibuye ibizwe nge-soil carbon. I-carbon ngiyo eyakha woke ama-organic molecules begodu inani lama-carbon asehlabathini lihlobana nenani elipheleleko lawo woke ama-organic matter asehlabathini.
I-organic matter esehlabathini ifaka hlangana zoke iinsalela zeentjalo nama-organisms aphila ehlabathini begodu iphethe amahlangothi amathathu ahlukileko - ama-organisms aphilako, iinsalela ezifretjhi, kunye neensalela ezibolileko.
Ama-organisms aphilako kufanele enze i15% yama-organic matter akhona wehlabathi begodu ifakahlangana ama-microorganisms afana nemilwana ne-fungi, kunye neenlwanyana ezikulu ezifana nemizoka, iinunwana, kunye neemfukwana.
Iinsalela ezifretjhi zima-organic matter afileko engakabi ukuhlukana kuhle (ezingakabi ukuba yivundela) begodu zinama-microorganisms aqeda ukufa, iinunwana, umetheriyali weentjalo kunye nomanyoro ofretjhi.
I-organic matter esele ibole kuhle ehlabathini ibizwa nge-humus. Into lena edege ezotho nofana emnyama ngombala iyasalela ngemva kobana i-organic litter seyibolile. I-Humus ihlanganisa ama-particles wehlabathi ukubumba ama-crumbs nofana iinhlanganisela/-aggregates. Iinhlanganisela/-aggregates lezi zenza i-soil structure bezenze bona ihlabathi irhone ukuhlala imanzi. I-Humus ngiyo efanele i-organic molecule khulu begodu imthombo we-carbon namandla.
Inzuzo Yama-Organic Matter
Ihlabathi yokutjala kufanele ibehlanga na 1% ukuya ku 6% ye-organic matter. ESewula Afrika, isibalo lesi singahlukana sibehlangana ne 0.05% kunye ne 3 - 4%.
I-organic matter nayiyinengi ehlabathini, kulokha kunokudla okunengi okungadliwa ma-microorganisms begodu nama-nutrients amanengi azokuphumela eentjalweni. I-organic matter ihlukaniswa ma-microorganisms ngendlela yokusebenza ebizwa ngevundela/-composting.
Ehlelweni leli lokuhlukana, i-organic matter isetjenziswa ma-microorganisms njengokudla begodu ama-nutrients aku-organic matter akakabi ukubakhona njengama-nutrients wesitjalo. I-organic matter nasele ivunde kuhle iyatjhuguluka ibeyi-humus bese kulapho ibanomsebenzi esitjalweni. I-Humus ibambelela kuma-nutrients, iphume kancani kancani ngendlela iintjalo engarhona ngayo ukuyimunya ngemirabho.
Lokha i-organic matter nayihlukanako ivundela ehlabathini, ama-molecules ayaphuma emaselini weensalela ezifretjhi. Ama-molecules lawa afakaphakathi amaphrotheyini, i-amino esidi, iswigiri nesitatjhi begodu isebenza njengokudla kwamanye ama-microorganisms asehlabathini.
Ama-microorganisms aphilako lawa adla i-matter yeentjalo bekakhiqize izinto ezihlanganisa ama-particles wehlabathi. Iinthukghu zama-particles lezi zenza umakhiwo omuhle wehlabathi begodu zirhelebha ukunzizisa kuhle ama-aggregates. Ama-organisms afana nemizoka namanye ama-fungi arhelebha ukuzinzisa kuhle indlela ihlabathi eyakheke ngayo. Isibonelo, ngokukhiqiza umsele ovumela bona amanzi angenelele kancani kancani begodu, ngalokho enze ncono irhono lokubamba amanzi kunye ne-aeration.
Angezelelwa Bunjani Ama-Organic Matter Ehlabathini?
Ngezelela i-organic matter ehlabathini yakho ngokufaka umanyoro weenlwane (ingasi manyoro owuthethe eenlwaneni zekhaya ezifana nezinja nofana abokatsu), amakari, amakelo weenthelo nemirotho, utjani, i-mulch, iinsalela zeentjalo, ivundela kunye nomanyoro ohlaza satjani.
Umanyoro ohlaza satjani ungatjalwa begodu ungeniswe ehlabathini ngokuwugubhela nofana ufakwe nawuhlawulako. Umanyoro ohlaza satjani usitjali esitjalwako besisetjenzwe ehlabathini lokha sisese hlaza satjani. Umanyoro ohlaza satjani ungezelela i-nitrogen begodu ukhuthaza ukutjhuguluka kwe-bhayiloji yehlabathi. Isibonelo semanyoro ehlaza satjani ifaka hlangana i-legumes efana ne-lucerne, i-cowpeas kunye nama-clovers begodu ama-clovers anganayo i-legume afana nekoroyi, ihabura ne-rye. Imivango ye-legumes naleyo enganayo i-legumes nayo ingaasetjenziswa.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana