Kubalulekile ukuthi impilo yezitshalo ikhule enhlabathini equkethe izinto ezanele eziphilayo. Izinto ze-organic zizophuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zinikeze ama-microorganisms amandla adinga ukuqhubeka nokubhidliza izinto eziphilayo, ekugcineni ezizoba izakhi ezidingekayo zezitshalo ukuze zikhule.
Yini Okuphilayo Emhlabathini?
Izinto ze-organic kuthiwa yi-carbon carbon yomhlabathi. I-Carbon iyisisekelo esikhulu sokwakhiwa kwawo wonke ama-molecule e-organic kanye nenani lekhabhoni emhlabathini lihlobene nenani layo yonke into e-organic enhlabathini.
Izinto eziphilayo enhlabathini zibandakanya zonke izinsalela zezitshalo nezinto eziphilayo ezihlala emhlabathini futhi zinezici ezintathu ezihlukile ngokuhlukile - izinto eziphilayo, izinsalela ezintsha, nezinsalela ezibolile.
Izinto eziphilayo kufanele zenze cishe i-15% lezinto eziphilayo ezinomhlaba futhi zifake izinto ezincane ezinjengebhaktheriya nesikhunta, kanye nezilwane ezinkulu ezinjenge-earthworms, izinambuzane, nezimvukuzane.
Izinsalela ezintsha yizinto eziphilayo ezivele zingakashayi phansi ngokugcwele (ezingakakhiwa inhlanganisela) futhi eziqukethe izinto ezincane ezisanda kufa, izinambuzane, imvelo yezitshalo kanye nomquba omusha.
Izinto eziphilayo ezibunjiwe kahle enhlabathini zibizwa nge-humus. Lokhu kungumbala onsundu onsundu noma omnyama osala ngemuva kokudonswa kwenqwaba yezinto eziphilayo. Humus ubopha izinhlayiya zenhlabathi ndawonye ukuze zakhe imvuthuluka noma ama-aggregates. Lezi zinto ezihlanganayo zakha ukwakheka kwenhlabathi futhi zivumele inhlabathi igcine umswakama. I-Humus iyimolekyuli eqinile kunazo zonke futhi ingumthombo wekhabhoni nekhishwa kancane kancane.
Izinzuzo Zokuphilayo Emhlabathini
Inhlabathi yezolimo kufanele ibe phakathi kwe-1% iye ku-6% wezinto eziphilayo. E-Ningizimu Afrika, leli nani lingahluka phakathi kuka-0,05% no-3 - 4%.
Indaba yokudla enhlabathini okuningi, kunokudla okuningana kwama-microorganisms futhi izakhamzimba eziningi zizodedelwa izitshalo. Izinto eziphilayo zidilizwa ngamagciwane amancane ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-composting.
Kule nqubo yokuqhekeka, into esetshenziselwa izinto eziphilayo isetshenziswa yilezi zinto ezincanyana njengokudla kanti izakhamzimba ezikuyo eziphilayo azikatholakali njengezakhi zezitshalo. Kuphela lapho into eyenziwe ngomquba eyenziwe kahle iguqulwa ibe yi-humus lapho iba usizo ezitshalweni. I-Humus ibambelela kwizakhi zomzimba, ngokuyikhulula kancane kancane ngendlela izitshalo ezingayidonsa ngayo ngezimpande zayo.
Lapho izinto eziphilayo zidilizwa phansi futhi zakhiwe enhlabathini, ama-molecule ayakhishwa kumaseli ezinsalela ezintsha. Lama-molecule afaka amaprotheni, ama-amino acid, ushukela kanye nezinkanyezi futhi adla njengokudla kwezinye izidalwa ezincane zasemhlabeni.
Lezi zinto eziphilayo ezincane eziphilayo zidla ezintweni zezitshalo futhi zikhiqiza izinto ezibopha izinhlayiya zenhlabathi ndawonye. Lezi zinhlayiya zezinhlayiya zakha ukwakheka okuhle kwenhlabathi futhi zisiza ukuqinisa izinhlaka zomhlabathi. Izinto ezinjenge-Earthworms kanye nesikhunta ezithile ziyasiza ekusimamiseni ukwakheka kwenhlabathi. Isibonelo, ngokukhiqiza iziteshi ezivumela ukuthi amanzi angenele futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, athuthukise umthamo wamanzi wokubamba wamanzi nomhlaba kanye nokuxhaswa kwawo.
Ungandisa Kanjani Okuphilayo Emhlabathini
Khulisa umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo enhlabathini yakho ngokufaka umquba wezilwane (hhayi umquba otholakala ezilwaneni ezifuywayo ezinjengezinja noma amakati), amaqabunga, amakhasi wezitshalo nezithelo, utshani, umbovu, izinsalela zezitshalo, amakhompiyutha kanye nomquba oluhlaza.
Amanyolo aluhlaza nawo angatshalwa futhi afakwe ngokumba noma ngokulima emhlabathini. Umquba oluhlaza yisitshalo esitshalwa bese sisebenza emhlabathini ngenkathi siluhlaza. Umquba oluhlaza uphinde wengeza i-nitrogen futhi uvuselele ushintsho lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabathini. Izibonelo zomquba oluhlaza zifaka i-legumes ezinjenge lucerne, i-cowpeas kanye nama-clover kanye nezinsimbi ezingekho emthethweni ezifana nokolweni, i-oats ne-rye. Izingxube zama-legumes nezingasindiwe nazo ziyasetshenziswa.
Translated by Nsika Khoza