Kubalulekile ukuba isityalo sikhule emhlabeni one organic matter eyaneleyo. I-organic matter iya qhekeka ngokuhamba kwexesha, ize inike amandla adingwa zii microorganism, neziye zijike zibe zizinongo ezidingwa zizityalo ukuze zikhule.
Yintoni I-Organic Matter?
I-Organic matter ikwabizwa nange carbon yomhlaba. I-Carbon sisisekelo sazo zonke ii-organic molecule kwaye umlinganiselo we carbon emhlabeni uhambelana nomlinganiselo we organic matter ekhoyo emhlabeni.
I-Organic matter emhlabeni iquka zonke iintsalela zezityalo kunye nezinye ii-organism eziphila emhlabeni kwaye iqulathe izinto ezintathu ezahlukeneyo - ii-organism eziphilayo, intsalela zezityalo, kunye neentsalela ezibolileleyo/ezicolekileyo.
Ii-organism eziphilayo kufanele zifikelele kwi 15% ye organic matter esemhabeni kwaye iquka ne microorganisms ezifana neentsholongwane kunye nokungunda, kwakunye nezinye izilwanyana ezikhulu ezifana nemisundululu, izinambuzane kunye neentuku.
Iintsalela ezisalungileyo yi organic matter efileyo engekagubeku ibe ngumgquba, kwaye ziqulathe iimicroorganisms ezisandula ukufa, izinambuzane, imvuthuluka yezityalo, kunye nomgquba osandula ukwenziwa.
Imathiriyeli esele ivundisisile emhlabeni ibizwa nge humus. Le ke yinto emnyama okanye emdaka ngombala eshiyekela emvakokuba izinto zendalo sezibolile. iHumus idibanisa iiparticle zomhlaba ukuze yenze ingququ okanye i-aggregates. Ezi aggregtes zidala ubume bomhlaba kwaye zenze kubelula ukuba umhlaba ugcine ubumanzi.
iHumus yeyona organic molecule izinzileyo kwaye ingumthombo we carbon namandla akhutshwa kancinci kancinci emhlabeni.
Imivuzo ye Organic Matter
Umhlaba okuza kulinywa kuwo kufanele ube namalunga ne 0.05% kunye ne 3 - 4%. Xa kukho i-organic matter eninzi emhlabeni kuko kona kubakho ukutya okuninzi kwe miroorganisms kwaye oku kukhokelele kwizinongo ezininzi ezifunanwa zizityalo.
I-Organic matter iqhekezwa zii-microorganisms ngendlela ebizwa nge composting-ukuvunda.
Koku kuqhekeka, i-organic matter isetyenziswa zezi microorganisms njengokutya kwaye izinongo ezikwi organic matter sube zingelungi njengezinongo zezityalo. Ziba luncedo kwizityalo kuphela emva kokuba i-organic matter sele icoleke kakuhle yaze yajika yaba yihumus.
I-Humus igcina izinongo, ze ithi chu ukuzikhuphela kwizityalo ngendlela ezakuba lula ukuba iingcambu zikwazi ukuzifunxa.
Xa i-organic matter sele iqhekekile yaze yadibana nomhlaba, iimolecule zikhutshwa kwii cell zentsalela ezintsha. Ezi molecule ziquka iiproteni, amino acids, iswekile kunye nezitatshi kwaye zisebenza njengokutya kwezinye iimicroorganism emhlabeni.
Ezi microorganism ziphilayo zitya izityalo ze zivelise izinto ezidibanisa iiparticle zomhlaba. Ezi mbumba ze particles zenza ubume obuhle bomhlaba kwaye zinceda ukuzinza kwe aggregates zomhlaba. Ii-organism ezifana nemisundululu kunye nokungunda kukwanceda ekuzinziseni ubume bomhlaba, umzekelo, ngokomba imingxuma neendlela zokuhamba amanzi. Oku ke kuye kuphucule indlela umhlaba oye ugcine ngayo amanzi nokungena komoya.
Indlela Yokwandisa I-Organic Matter eMhlabeni?
Yandisa i-organic matter kumhlaba wakho ngokuthi ugalele imanyolo yezilwanyana (hayi imanyolo oyithathe kwilindle lezilwanyana zase khaya ezifana nezinja okanye iikati), amagqabi, amaxolo emifuno kunye neziqhamo, ingca, ingca eyomileyo, iintsalela zezityalo, umgquba kunye nemanylo eluhlaza.
Imanyolo eluhlaza isenokutyalwa ze idityaniswe ngokomba okanye ngokuhlakula umhlaba. Imanyolo eluhlaza sisityalo esilinywayo ze sihlakulelwe emhlabeni siseluhlaza. Imanyolo eluhlaza yongeza initrogen kwaye iphuhlisa notshintsho lobume bomhlba. Imizekelo yemanyolo eziluhlaza ziquka izityalo ezizimbotyi ezifana ne lucerne, cowpeas kunye nee clovers kwakunye nengqolowa, i-otsi kunye ne rye. Le mixube yezintlobo zombini ze manyolo eziluhlaza isenokusetyenziswa.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana