Ibhoduluko Elihle
Indawo yeRichtersveld inebhoduluko elikarisa khulu, begodu iintjalo zayo ezingakajwayeleki zirherha iinunwana ezibuya ephasini loke. Lokha ngisendaweni le, ngahlangana nama-botanist amabili avela enarheni yeJalimani egade bahlele ukuthatha ikhambo labo iminyaka eminengi. Gade bazilungiselele ngokupheleleko ukuthatha ikhambolabeli, begodu bangarhoni nokuzibamba.
Nginesiqiniseko sokobana akhange badane. IRichtersveld sele kubalwe amathuthumbo ayi-360 endaweni eyiKhilomitha yinye. Umndeni wamathuthumbo i-Memsemb, nanyana i-vygie manengi, ngombana kunayi-50 kwayi-100 esfundenesi. Nekuyinto ehle erhalawumbeni elinezulu eliyi-68 mm kwaphela.
I-Biodiversity Engafanelekiko
Enye yenzathu ze-biodervisity engafaneleki le kukobana iRichtersveld isendaweni ehlangana naleyo eletha izulu lebusika leNamaqualand kanye nezulu lehlobo leNama Karoo. Kwezinye iindawo indawo le iyi-10 ukuya ku-20 km ngobude, okuyenza bona ibe nentjalo ezikarisako.
Ukungezelela, kunentjalo ezimhlobo emithathu eRichtersveld, ekuyi-predominant Succulent Karoo, biome, ne-biome encani ebizwa bona yi-‘Desert’ Biome (esepumalanga) begodu ihluke nge-Fynbos Biome (entabeni phezulu) kuqakathekile bona singakhohlwa bona iintaba ezigijima ziqale etjingalanga, zijamisa i-malmokkies, kanye namafu wezulu ekungeneni phakathi. Njeke iinkhisi eziqale ngelwandle zithola izulu, elinengi, lokha eziqale ngehlabathini (khulukhulu epumalanga) zomile begodu zimumethe iintjalo ezinengi ezihlotjaniswa neze-Nama-Karoo (ezifana ne-euphorbias).
I-Speciation
Zoke iintjalwezi ziletha ubujamo bezulu obuhlukahlukeneko eRichtersveld, begodu intaba ngayinye nanyana indunduma inehlanganisela yezulu, yomoya, yehlabathi, kanye nomtjhiso. Okwenza nanyana okugcugcuzela i-‘speciation’ – okutjho bona iintjalo zijwayela indawo etja, zigcine sele zizijamele zingasathembela bezigcine sele zihlukile ebabelethini bazo. Endaweni ye-Richtersveld ezinye iintjalo sele zijwayele khulu ibhoduluko lazo elithize, okwenza bona zitholakale entabeni yinye.
Nanyana kunjalo, nanyana zingaba zincani namkhana zibe zikulu kangangani, iintjalo ezise-Richtersveld kufanele ziphile, Njengoba kutlhadlhulwe ngaphezulu, iintjalo ezinengi zibeka amanzi, emakarini wazo nanyana eziqwini sazo nanyana emirajini, kodwana ipilo yazo iragela phambili kunalokho. Ezinye iintjalo ngeze-subterranean zoke, begodu kuvela imirabhu embalwa ehlabathini kizo.
Ezinye zivela endaweni espara ukwenzela bona zingatholwa mumoya, ngebanga lokobana zinamakari aspara abamba ubuswe ehlabathini. Ezinye zimila uboya obufeyini ,nanyana amanyeva abamba amathosi wombethe.
Nezinye zirhona ukuvala imbobo ezikizo ukukhandela bona amanzi akizo angakhambi. Ezimbalwa ziyi-psammophorous, okutjho bona zikhipha into enamathelako ebamba ihlabathi, ukuzivikela emwuruwuwini zehlabathi.
Iindlela Eziphila Ngayo
Nanyana iintjalo eziseRichtersveld zihlala zihlaza (okungakavamisi ukwenzeka erhalawumbeni elinezulu lebusika) zimbalwa eziwisa amakari wazo ehlobo ukunciphisa ukuphela amanzi. Ezinye iintjalo zirhona ukuvuselela amakari amadala, lokha ezinye zimila amabharasa anamathelako. Ezinye sele zizinciphise khulu, ukwenzela bona zinciphise ukutlhoga kwazo iinsetjenziswa ezitlhogekako. Ezinye iintjalo zikhula ematjeni kwaphela, begodu zihlala nalapha kumthunzi kwaphela. Ngamanye amezwi, iintjalo zeRichtersveld zinendlela ezinengi eziphila ngazo.
Sele kuphelele, kuthiwa iRichtersveld imumethe iintjalo eziyi-4849, i-40% yazo akukho lapha zitholakala khona ephasini Iintjalo ezinengi zazo zisetjenziswa babantu bendawo leyo.Imihlobo yazo eyi-70 isetjenziswa njengokudla (nanyana ukudla kwehlathini), -40 yentjalo lezi kulatjhwa ngazo kuthi eziyi-54 zenza eminye imisebenzi efana nokwenza irobhu, isibha kanye nokubasa umlilo. Kunezinye iintjalo hlangana nalezi ezidaka imizwa, ezivamise ukusetjenziselwa zekolo. Kodwana ungakhambi ukhotha iintjalwezi ezinengi zazo zinetjhefu.
Ukungezelela ngaphandle kokobana inazo zoke iintjalo ezingakajwayeleki nezitlhogekakwezi iRicheterveld yaziwa ngentjalo ezifanako esele zithandwa khulu esfundenesi.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana