Ihlabathi Esetjenziswa Balimi Ababatlhogomeli

© Marinda Louw
Ukukhula kwelazi ngokuqakatheka kwehlabathi enepilo,sele kurholele enomborweni ekhulako yabalimi abasebenzisa iindlela zokukutlhogomela zokulima. Indlela le yakhelwe ensikeni ezintathu, okuyipeta kancani, iintjalo ezivala ihlabathi kanye nokutlheganisa iintjalo.

Ukungapetwa Khulu Kwehlabathi

Ukutlhogonyelwa nanyana ukupeta kancani ihlabathi kwathulwa enarheni ye-USA endaweni ekulu ngeminyaka yabo-USA ukusuka lapho kwarhatjhelwa kwezinye iinarha, ekubalwa neSewula Africa. Lokha nakwenziwa i-conventional tillage, ihlabathi iyapetwa, isikwe ekuphazamisa ukwakheka kwehlabathi ngokuya ngeskhathi kurholela ekurhurhulekeni kwehlabathi.Inomthelela omumbi ngendlela ihlabathi ibamba ngawo amanzi ekuhlobene nokonala kweenunwana eziletha inzuzo ehlabathini.
Lokha nakwenziwa i-conversation tillage, ihlabathi ayiphazamiseki khulu. Lokha nakutjalwako kufanele kusetjenziswe ama-conservation tine nanyana ama-disk planter angwara ihlabathi nanyana ayisike ereyini ekutjalwa kiyo zenze umgodo otjhingela ngendlela okutlhogakala ngayo. Ukutjala kanye nokuvundisa kungenziwa ngeskhathi sinye.
Ukukhandela ukurhurhuleka kwehlabathi, abalimi abazimiseleko ebatlhogomela iimvelo, bathatha amagandango aragela phambili begodu sele basrebenzisa i-technology ye-GPS ukuqiniseka bona zoke iinsetjenziswa ezisetjenziswa lokha nakukhiqizwako, qobe nyaka zihlala zikhamba esporweni sinye ehlabathini. Ukungapeti lapha imbobo encani yenziwa ehlabathini lapha kufakwa khona isivundisi kanye nentanga.

Iintjalo Ezivalako

©Francois Viljoen
Eskhathini esidlulileko abalimi gade batjhisa inarha yabo ngemva kokuvuna ukuqotha ikhula. Abalimi abatlhogomelako abatjhisi inarhabo, kodwana batjhiya iinsalela zentjalo ehlabathini, okusisenzo esibizwa bona yi-stubble retention. I-Stubble retention iletha inzuzo ezahlukahlukeneko:
Imimoya ekhandelako kanye nokurhurhuleka kwamanzi kukhandela ukurhurhuleka kwehlabathi
Ingezelela ukusefeka kwamanzi kanye nokubamba kwehlabathi amanzi Iphungula ukuphela kwamanzi -evaporation
Ingezelela i-organic matter ehlabathini
Ivikela inunwana zehlabathi ebujameni obumbi bezulu
Zikukudla nendawo yokuhlala eenunwaneni eziletha inzuzo

Ukudlheganiswa Kweentjalo

Konokobana utjale istjalo sinye, lapha utjala istjalo sinye qobe nyaka enarheni nanyana ehlabathini, abalimi ababatlhogomeli badlheganisa iintjalo. Baqala imihlobo eyahlukeneko yeentjalo afaneleka bona ingakhiqizwa endaweni yabo leyo bazidlhaganise.
Esifundeni se-Western Cape, isibonelo, iintjalo ezifana nekoroyi, canola, barley, lupines, medics kanye ne-lucerne isibonelo iintjalo ezihlanganiswa ngendlela zokudlhegana. Into engcono kukobana ungatjali iintjalo zonyaka zomndeni munye ehlabathini yinye iminyaka edlula emibili. Indlela yokudlheganisa iintjalo kufanele ibonwe njengendlela yokulawula irhelebho. Abalimi bangayisebenzisa ngendlela etlhogekako, isibonelo lokha ikhula nanyana amalwelwe avukako.

Umncopho wokudlheganisa iintjalo kuphula amalwelwe ahlobene nokutjala iintjalo ezimhlobo munye. Iinlwane ezithize kanye namalwelwe zihlobene neetjalo ezithize, njeke lokha nawutjala iintjalwezi kurholela ekwakhekeni kwenunwanezi. Ngokutjala ezinye iintjalo, iinunwanezi zizokubhajwa zingabi nomthombo wokudla, ekuzokurholela ekutheni ziphunguke.
Ukudlhaganisa iintjalo kuvumela abelimi bona basebenzise imihlobo ehlukahlukene ukuqotha imiraro, erhelebha ukukhandela ukuthuthukiswa kokungasebenzi kwembulali zenunwana. Imbulali zotjani, isibonelo, ngeze zasetjenziswa lokha nakutjalwe ikoroyi ngombana izokona ikoroyi. Abalimi, nanyana kunjalo, bangasebenzisa iimbulali zotjani lokha nabatjale iintjalo ze-broadleaf, kodwna zingasetjenziswa lokha nakukhiqizwa ikoroyi.
Lokha nawusebenzisa iimbulai zenunwana landela iinlayelo udlheganise imikhiqizo ngenthako ezithabulukileko ezivekela kobana iimbulalezi zingagcini sele zingasasebenzi.

Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana