I-dinawe (Vigna unguiculata) stjalo sendabuko seAfrica begodu sitjalelwa ukudliwa babantu kanye neenlwane. Imbewu yaso kanye namakari waso zisetjenziselwa njengokudla kwabantu. I-cowpea yaziwa ngebizo le-swartbekboontjie nge-(Afrikaans), dinawe ngesi (Ndebele), dinaba ngesi (Shangaan), imbumba ngesi (Zulu), monawa nanyana nawa ngesi (Pedi) kanye ne-dinawa (Tswana). Ukuya ngokobana mhlobo bani osetjenzisiweko i-cowpeas ingasetjenziselwa ukugibeza njenge-(Dr Saunders) nanyana njengo-(Bechuana White). Umhlobo ogibelako ungcono njengokudla nanyana njengestjalo esivala ihlabathi. I-Cowpeas ingatjalwa njengestjalo sokudlhegana nezinye iintjalo begodu sirhona ukujamelana nesomiso.
Silibhontjhisi elizele amaprotheyini esitjhiya i-notrogeni ehlabathini njeke siletha inzuzo njengestjalo esilandelako. Kukhiqizwa iintjalo ze-cowpeas ezingama hectare ayi-12,5 million, esphila esimkhiqizo ongaba mathani ayi-3 million. Iinarha ze-West kanye ne-Central Africa zikhamba phambili ephasini ngokukhiqiza i-64% yamathani abalelwa ku-3 million yembewu ye-cowpea. iNigeria yinarha edosa phambili ngokhiqiza i-cowpea ilandelwe yi-Brazil. e-Australia kanye ne-Asia i-cowpea itjalelwa ukuphiwa iinlwane kodwana itjalwa nanjengestjalo esivala ihlabathi nanyana umanyoro ohlaza ngombana izalisa ihlabathi ngenunwana ezilungisa i-nitrogen. eSewula Afrika i-cowpea ikhiqizwa esifundeni se-North West, Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal kanye neMpumalanga.
Ukudla I-Dinawe
I-dinawe ingaphekwa nanyana istinyiwe ngemva kokuyibibha emanzini ubusuku boke. Iphekiwa neminye imirorho ukwenza isobho edege, nanya isilwe kwenziwe ngayo ukudla. Ikhwanyana ezibamba iintanga ezifretjhi esingakabi zidala zibiliswa njengomrorho. Amakaraso angakhiwa asetjenziswe njemgomrorho ofana nespinatjhi kodwana angonyiswa asetjenziswe njengesijamiseli samaprotheyini. Iintanga ezihlaza zaso kwesinye isikhathi zirostiwa njengamantongomani, lokha nasisiliweko zisetjenziswa njengesijamiseleli sekhofi. Iintanga zaso ezonyisiweko zivamise ukuhlanganiswa ne-eye kanye nempayisi zifrayiwe ne-eyi.
Esifundeni seLimpopo kanye neMpumalanga umrorho wedinawe ukhiwa ufretjhi kwenziwe ngawo umrorho nanyana wonyisiwe ukobana uzokusetjeniswa lada. Esifundeni sangeLimpopo kanye neMpumalanga amakari we-cowpea avunwa afretjhi njengomrorho kwenziwe ngawo isobho nanyana afrayiwe lada. I-cowpea inamazinga phazulu we-iron (Fe), potassium (P), vitamin B9, arege ngemithiya ama, protheyini (24%), anamafutha amancani kanye nemihlobohlobo ye-amino acids.
I-Dinawe Njengokudla Kweenlwane
Amakari angaphezulu wedinawa, asetjenziswa njengokudla kweenlwane. Abalimi benarha le abakha idinawa bayibeke, bayibekele bona iyokudliwa zinlwane ngeskhathi sesomiso abangenisa inzuzo engaba yi-25% ngonyaka ngokuyithengisa. Umrogo idinawa utjalwa njengokudla kweenlwane - okufana nehoyi kanye ne-silage. I-silage ihlala ekudleni kweenlwane, begodu ingasetjenziswa nangesomiso. I-cowpea silage isetjenziswa ngokusebenzisa amakari we-cowpea ahlanganiswe namakari ahlaza wesphila kanye namabele kanye ne-green matter, ukuwavala ngetjhwaratjhwara uwakhandise ngezinto ezibudisi ukwenzela bona kungaphumi umoya. Kubese kuyaliswa ukwenzela bona kubile.
I-cowpea ingakhiqiza isivuno esihle se-dry matter yekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngaphasi kobujamo benarha eyomileko, imikhiqizo ye-cowpea ibamatani ayi-2 ukuya ku-3 we-dry matter qobe/ha, kodwana lokha sifikelela ku-8t DM qobe/ha esele irekhodwe eendaweni ezithelelelwako. Umphumela omuhle utholwa eentandini lapha i-cowpea itjalwe eendaweni lapha ihlanganiswe nesphila.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana