Barbera
Ihlathululo
I-Barbera mhlobo wamaderibe wewayini ebovu usetjenziselwa khulu ukukhiqiza umhlobo wewayini yematafuleni, kodwana eTlhagwini ye-Italy usetjenziselwa umkhiqizo wema-sparkling wines. Abososayensi ukufikela njenganje abakakghoni ukuthola amaphesendawo.
Imvelaphi/ indabuko
I-Piedmont region yetlhagwini-tjhingalanga ye-Italy, lapho umhlobo lo begade utjalwa khona amasentjhuri amanengi, uthathwa njengomhlobo wekhaya. Ihlaziyo lehlelo lokuhlola ifuzo i-DNA analysis, lathola bonyana umhlobo lo uhlobana kancani nemihlobo yayo ye-Piedmont, ngokuhlongoza bonyana i-Barbera yathulwa esiphandeni kesinye isikhathi.
Umhlobo lo begade usetjenziswa ngenjayelo njengesiselo sewayini sangamalanga, sithatjelwa khulu nasikhambisana ne-pasta, pizza, cheese nofana i-salami.
Ukuvunyelwa kwawo kukhule khulu eminyakeni emasumi amabili edlulileko koke lokho kumisebenzi umlimi wewayini be-Italy, u-Giacoma Bologna we-Braida estate, owakhiqiza i-Barbera yokuthoma eyakhangiswa umhlaba woke ngomnyaka ka-1984 begodu ngaso leso sikhathi waqinisekisa amandla amumethwe umhlobo lo ekukhiqizeni amawayini wamambala.
Ukuze kwenziwe iwayini le, u-Bologna waqunta ngamaqhingakhe iindawo zokutjalela ezinemkhiqizo ophasi, wavuna amaderibe ngokukhamba kwesikhathi khulu ukudlula indlela ekujayeleke ngayo, ekwagcina sele kwenza bonyana amaderibe abeneswigiri enengi kanye ne-asede (acid) ephasi, bewakhulisa iwayini ngeenyanga ezilisumi nesithandathu e-French barriques, nekumihlobo yemithi emincani ebizwa ngama-French oak barrels. Abaphalali benarheni ye-Italy basabalalisa umhlobo lo e-California e-United States kanye ne-Argentina. Kanti-ke lo mhlobo wamaderibe abovu wewayin otjalwe khulu e-Italy.
Amanye amagamawo
Amanye wamagamawo atholakala e-Italy, kodwana umhlobo lo waziwa ngokomthetho ngokuthi yi-Barbera eencenyeni ezinye zomhlaba.
Umkhiqizo weSewula Afrika
UPhrofesa Abraham Izak Perold wangenisa i-Barbera enarheni ngeminyaka yabo-1910 kanye no-Ralph Parker, umnikazi we-Altydgedacht estate in Durbanville, begade kungabanye babakhiqizi bokuthoma abatjala umhlobo lo ngabo-1920.
I-Altydgedacht yathoma ngokusebenzisa umhlobo lo ukukhiqiza umhlobo wewayini ebizwa nge-fortified wines,kodwana ngomnyaka ka-1992 yaba liplasi lokuthoma enarheni ukuyithengisa njenge wayini engakavangwa.
Umkhiqizo weemphande
Umhlobo lo nokho unomtlhala omncani khulu eSewula Afrika. Ekuthomeni begade utjalwe pheze eendaweni ezibanzi khulu e-Durbanville region. Nangaphandle kokuvuselelwa kwawo, amaplasi ambalwa okungaphasi kalisumi asawutjala.
Ukukhula nokuthela kwawo
Kumhlobo okhula ngamandla, ngomkhiqizo obalelwa ukusuka ku-12 t/ha to 15 t/ha. Ukuze kukhiqizwe amawayini wezinga elikhamba phambili, imvinwawo kufuze yenziwe bonyana ikhiqize amaderibe abambeneko amancani.
Ukuvuthwa kwawo
Amaderibe la avuthwa kusesenesikhathi, ukusuka evekeni yesibili yenyanga kaMhlolanja.
Amamomori
Amamomori anesilinganiso sobukhulu esiphakathi begodu akheke njengeqanda, anombala we-violet wamakelo anzima nasele avuthwe ngokwaneleko.
Amakari
Amakarawo ahlaza satjani okumnyama anesakhiwo se-triangular, anobukhulu besilinganiso esiphakathi kanye neencenye zesiphetho ezineempenda ezihlanu.
Iintjhabalalisi kanye namalwelwe
I-Barbera ibuthakathaka khulu naziza ekutjhwabeni kanye nokoniwa lula mumoya. Izwana khulu nokuvunwa okubizwa nge-mechanical harvesting.
Umsebenzawo
ESewula Afrika i-Barbera ingathengiswa njengewayini engakavangwa nofana evangwe neminye imihlobo ehlukahlukeneko.
Umnambitho
Iimvino eyenziwa ngamaderibe amancani ahlotjaniswa neenthelo ezomileko nezisesezitjha, kuthi lezo ezibuya emaderibeni avuthiweko abe nenengi le-blackberry kanye nenambitho lama-cherry ababako.
Translated by
Johannes Nkosinathi