Barbera
Incazelo
I-Barbera iyinhlobonhlobo yewayini elibomvu elivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe wayini yetafula (tab;e wine), kodwa futhi naseNyakatho Italy ukukhiqizwa kwewayini eliqhakazile (sparkling wine). Ososayensi baye behluleka ukukhomba umzali wayo.
Imvelaphi
Isifunda sasePiedmont senyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Italy, lapho kusetshenziswe khona izilwane ezihlukahlukene iminyaka eminingi, kubhekwa njengekhaya elihlukahlukene. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA, noma kunjalo, ukuthola ukuthi izinto ezihlukahlukene azifani nezezinye izinhlobo ezivela ePiedmont, okusikisela ukuthi uBarbara waziswa esifundeni ngesikhathi esithile.
Izinhlobonhlobo zivame ukubonwa njengenwayini lokuphuza nsuku zonke, okufanele zijabule lapho zincane ezinama-pasta, i-pizza, ushizi noma i-salami.
Ukuhlonishwa kwayo kwakhula eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule ngenxa yomlimi wewayini wase-Italy, uGiacoma Bologna waseBraida, owakhiqiza iBarbera yokuqala edayiswa emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka ka-1984 futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wabonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zokukhiqiza iwayini elibi kakhulu.
Ukuze enze le vinini, i-Bologna yenza ngokucophelela izihlahla zezivini zinciphise ukukhiqizwa, zivune amagilebhisi kamuva kunokujwayelekile, okwenza ukuba amagilebhisi abe noshukela ophakeme kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-asidi, futhi edala iwayini izinyanga ezingu-16 ezigodini zaseFrance, ezinamabhadu amancane amaFrench.
Abafuduki base-Italy baye basakazeka ezihlukahlukene eCalifornia e-United States nase-Argentina. Ngenye yezinhlobonhlobo zewayini ezibomvu ezitshalwe kakhulu e-Italy.
Amanye amagama
Ezinye izilinganiso zendawo zitholakala e-Italy, kodwa ezihlukahlukene ziyaziwa ngokuthi i-Barbera kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Ukukhiqizwa eNingizimu Afrika
Uprofesa u-Abraham Izak Perold wangenisa i-Barbera ngasekuqaleni kuka-1910 kanti uRalph Parker, umnikazi we-Altydgedacht estate eThekwiniville, wayengomunye wabakhiqizi bokuqala ukutshala izihlobo ezizungeze ngo-1920.
U-Altydgedacht ekuqaleni wasebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza iwayini eliqinile, kodwa ngo-1992 waba yipulazi lokuqala izwe ukulidayisa njengewayini elilodwa le-varietal.
Izifunda zokukhiqiza
Izinhlobonhlobo zinezinyathelo ezincane eNingizimu Afrika. Ekuqaleni yatshalwe ngaphezu kwendawo enkulu endaweni yaseThekwini. Naphezu kokuthakazelisa kabusha kwezilwane ezihlukahlukene, izimboni ezingaphansi kuka-10 zisakhula ngokuzikhandla ezihlukahlukene.
Ukukhula
Umlimi onamandla kakhulu, onamandla okukhiqiza angu-12 t / ha kuya ku-15 t / ha. Ukukhiqiza iwayini elihle lewayini, imivini kumele ilandelwe ukukhiqiza amancane amaqoqo amagilebhisi.
Ukuvuthwa
Amagilebhisi avuthwe ekuqaleni, kusukela ngesonto lesibili ngoFebhuwari.
Amajikijolo
Amajikijolo anesisindo esiphakathi ne-oval nge isikhumba esimnyama se-violet uma sesivuthiwe ngokugcwele.
Amahlamvu
Amaqabunga awo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka avulekile, ngobukhulu obuphakathi nendawo emihlanu.
Izinambuzane nezifo
I-Barbera izwela phansi kwe-downy mildew nomonakalo womoya. Kuyafaneleka ngokuvuna okwenziwa ngemishini.
Ukusebenzisa
ENingizimu Afrika i-Barbera ingase ithengiswe njengewayini elilodwa noma lihlanganiswe nezinye izinhlobo ezahlukene.
Ukudla
Iwayini elenziwe ngamagilebhisi amancane lihlotshaniswa nesithelo esisha nesomisiwe, kanti labo abenziwe ngamagilebhisi avuthiwe banamapulangwe amaningi ashizibhisi namabhisikidi omuncu.
Translated by
Zodwa Makondo