Barbera
Nhlamuselo
Barbera i madiriva ya wayeni leyotshuka lawa ya tirhisiwaka ngopfu kuhumelerisa tiwayeni, kambe etikweni ra Northern Italy yatirhisiwa kuhumelerisa ti wayeni ta sparkling. Ti-Scientists kufikela sweswi atise kota kutiva ndzhawuko wa wona.
Ntumbuluko
Ndzhawu ya Piedmont leyinga e nwalungwini- vupela dyambu bya Italy hilaha muxaka lowu wunga byariwa kona kuringana malembe yotala, yitiveka tani hi kaya nkulu ra wona. Kuya hi vulavisisi bya DNA, ku kumeke kuyelana kantsongo na yanwana madiriva yo huma e Piedmont, leswivulaka leswaku muxaka wa Barbera wuvuye wutisiwa endzhaku ka nkarhi.
Muxaka lowu kuya hindzhavuko wutekiwa tani hi wayeni leyi tirhisiwaka masiku hinkwawo, laha yi n’wiwaka na swakudya swofana na pasta, pizza, cheese kumbe salami.
Madiriva lawa ya ndlandlamukile eka kutlula malembe ya makume mbirhi laha ku khensiwaka swinene n’wamapurasi wa wayeni wale Italy, Giacoma Bologna wa Braida estate, loyi anga kota kuhumelerisa wayeni leyinga xavisiwa eka matiko hinkwawo ya Barbera hi 1984 laha hiletlhelo yinga kombisa swinene leswaku yihumelerisa tiwayeni ta matimba.
Ku endla wayeni leyi, nkulukumba Bologna uvuye a tsemeta misinya ya madiriva lawa leswaku kuhumelerisa switava ehansi, a tshovela madiriva endzhaku ka nkarhi woleha leswinga endla leswaku madiriva lawa yava na chukele rotala na acid yintsongo ivi atshika wayeni leyi yitshama 16 wa tinhweti e French barriques, laha kungana makhuwani lawantsongo ya French oak.
Vahlampfa lava ava suka e Italy vakote kuyi hangalasa e California e United States nale Argentina. Leswi swiendle leswaku yihetelela yiva wayeni yotshuka leyi humelerisiwaka ngopfu e Italy.
Mavito yanwana
Yakona mavito yanwana lawa ya tivekaka ntsena kwale Italy, kambe leyi yitiveka ximfumo tani hi Barbera e misaveni hinkwayo.
Vuhumelerisi e Afrika Dzonga
Prof Abraham Izak Perold hiyena anga xavisa Barbera kwalomuya kava 1910 axavisela matiko yale handle xikanwe na Ralph Parker,loyi anga nwinyi wa Altydgedacht estate leyinga Durbanville, loyi ari wunwana wa lavanga sungula ku byala swimilani swa madiriva lawa kwalomuya kava 1920. Altydgedacht ekusunguleni yitirhise madiriva lawa kuhumelerisa tiwayeni tinwana , kambe hiva 1992 rive purasi rosungula e tikweni kuxavisa tani hi madiriva yo endla wayeni yinwe.
Tindzhawu ta vuhumelerisi
Madiriva lawa ayana ndzhawu yikulu laha tikweni ra Afrika Dzonga. Ekusunguleni aya byariwe ntsena eka ndzhawu yinwana e Durbanville. Hambi leswi kungava na ntsakelo wukulu wa madiriva lawa, kahari na mapurasi yantsongo eka 10 lawa ya byalaka madiriva lawa.
Ku kula
Muxaka lowu wukula swinene laha wungana kuringanela vuhumelerisi byo fika eka 12 t/ha kuya eka 15 t/ha. Ku humelerisa wayeni ya kahle ya khwalithi minsinya yakon ayifanele ku endliwa swinwana leswaku yita humesa madiriva lawantsongo.
Ku vupfa
Madiriva ya vupfa hiku hatlisa, kusukela eka vhiki ravumbirhi ra February.
Mihandzu
Mihandzu yakona ayikulanga ngopfu, yava na xivumbeko xa oval na nhlonge ya muhlovo wantima loko ya vupfile.
Matluka
Matluka ya wona iya rihlaza rodzwihala yatlhela yava yanga kulanga ngopfu yava na swiphemu swa ntlhanu.
Switsotswana na mavabyi
Barbera yi chava ngopfu mavabyi ya downy mildew xikanwe no onhiwa hi moya. Muxaka lowu wu kahle kuva wutshoveriwa hi muchini hinkarhi wantshovelo.
Switirhisiwa
Laha Afrika Dzonga Barbera yingaha xavisiwa tani hi madiriva yo endla wayeni yinwe kumbe yikatsiwa natinwana kuva yihumelerisa tinxaka tinwana.
Nantswo
Tiwayeni leti endliweke hi madiriva lawa yantsongo tifananisiwa na mihandzu ya furexe xikanwe nay o omisiwa kasi leyi endliweke hi lawa yanga vupfa ngopfu ya fambelana na blackberry na nantswo wa sour cherry.
Translated by
Ike Ngobeni