Amadumbe nanyana amazambani we-tropics (Colocasia esculenta) waziwa njenge mufhongwe, madumbis, taro nanyana i-dasheen. Amadumbe sele amile enarheni yange- South-East Asia imimyaka edlula eyi-6 000 begodu athulwa eSewula Afrika barhwebi be-Portugal ngeminyaka yabo-1500 kanye nabasebenzi abazingcila. Kusitjalo esimrabhu olikhambi esitjalwa eSewula Afrika eendaweni ezimanzi begodu ngeminye yemirathu eqakathekileko emirorho ephasini.
I-Tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) nanyana iindlebe zendlovu ngesinye istjalo esiqakathekileko esimrabhu, esitjalwako ephasini. I-(Xanthosoma sagittifolium) nanyana iindlebe zendlovu ngesinye istjalo esiqakathekileko esimrabhu esitjalwa eenarheni ezisetjingalanga begodu esithandwa ukudlula amadumbe ngombana sinomkhiqizo ophezulu. Kodwana i-90 % yomkhiqizo wephasini okhiqizwa ngehloso yokwenza inzuzo wamadumbe uvele eenarheni zange-Afrika esepumalanga ezifana ne-Cameroon, Nigeria kanye ne-Ghana. eSewula Afrika, amadumbe akhiqizwa balimi abangalimi ngobunengi esifundeni saKwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Western kanye ne-Eastern Cape, kodwana ukuthulwa kwamadumbe ngesinye seentolo ezikulu ezaziwa khulu sele kungezelele ubujamo bestjalo sesintwesi.
Uwatjala njani Amadumbe
Amadumbe sitjalo esiphezulu esimrabhu nanyana isphila, esasiziwa ngebizo le-'mammy'. Sinesikhumba esimarhadlarhadla esinzotho esinobudisi obusukela ku-500 ukuya ku-900 g, kodwana sirhona ukukhula sibenobudisi ubufikela ku-3.6 kg. Iskhumba saso simhlophe nanyana pinki. Amadumbe athanda indawo enomthunzana, kodwana angatjalwa nelangani lokha nakathelelelwako. Atlhoga ubujamo bezulu obufuthumeleko begodu akathandi lapha kumakhaza. Akhula endaweni enga ine asidi, ehlabathini enomswakama ene-organic material nanyana ikhompowusti.
Ingatjalwa ngokuyikhatha kwenye. Watjale ngesandla atjeke kancani atjhingele nge-15 cm ukuya phasi. Tjala amadumbe awuhlukanise ngamsentimitha ayi-60 cm eskhundleni esiyi 1m hlangana namareyi. Iskhathi esihle sokutjala nguNobayeni kanye nango-April nanyana ihlabathi inobuswe. Yivundise nge-NPK (15:15:1). Lokhu kutjengisa isimedo se-nitrogen (N:15 unit) ukuya ku-phosphorus (P:15 unit) kanye ne-potassium (K:one unit). Fafaza amabhodlelo amahlanu ukuya kwasithandathu azele i-NPK eringini elingaba yi-10 cm magega neentjalo. Amadumbe sitjalo esithandwa zinunwana ezifana nentjhontjhwani ezimhlophe kanye namakhondlo begodu imirabhu yaso ithanda ukubola lokha nayitjalwe ehlabathini enamanzi. Nanyana kunjalo ayitjhwenzwa makhondlo athanda iintjalo ezifana namazambani nanyana umhlwaza.
Lokhu kungombana amadumbe anetjhefu lokha nakadliwa ahlaza, ngebanga lelevi ephezulu ye-calcium oxalate crystals, ebanga ukuvuvuka komlomo kanye nomphimbo. Sivunwa ngemva kweenyanga ezibunane ukuya kwezilisumi, lokha amakaraso sele atjhuguluka umbala ube sarulana. Imirabhasoiyagutjwa ngegarafu nanyana ngetregere. Ihlanzwe ikhethwe beyipakwe. Irhubhululo elinziwe ngu-Prudence Ntombifikile Tembe alenze esfundeni saKwazulu Natal ngonyaka ka-2008 litjengise bona abarhwebi bathanda ukuthengisa amadumbe anobukhulu obuhlangana nendawo nanyana amancani, ahlwengesiweko anyoswa adiliviwa ngama-crate. Isitjhijilo esikhulu abakhiqizi bendandweni ezisemakhaya abahlangabezana naso kuthuthela amadumbe la eemarageni.
Ukudla Amadumbe
Amadumbe azele ama-carbohydrates (GI yezinga eliphasi) begodu inamaprotheyini amanengi kanye ne-amino acid kunezinye iintjalo ezimirabhu. Ine-9% yamaprotheyini nayimadaniswa namazambani, 1.9% nayimadaniswa nebhutata 1.7%. Amadumbe azele ngemithiya, i-magnesium, potassium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, kanye ne-vitamin C. Iphekwa njengamazambani nanyana amabhutata begodu ingabiliswa, irostiwe idliwe igayiwe, njengama-chips nanyana i-stew. Amadumbe akukudla okuhle kokuyekelisa umntwana ibele. Amakaraso, ngesinye iskhathi iqolo lomuthi, lidliwa njengespinatjhi lijamiselela isphila nanyana liphekwa njengekhrimu ephakelwa namadumbe.
Umphakathi wamandiya wesifundeni saKwazulu -Natal sele ufaka amadumbe elkudleni kwawo njenge-‘puri patta'. Amakaraso arhatjhwa ne-batter ehlangene ne-spice, aroliwe, astinywe bese ayasikelelwa adliwa nama-pancake. Amathuthumbo wamadumbe (ebizwa ngokobana yi-‘aroids’) afakwa efluwureni ukulungiselela i-‘fufu', athandwa khulu e-Nigeria. Ngokwesiko Amadumbe sele enziwe ukudla kwamalanga woke kodwana eminyakeni eyadlulako, gade asetjenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo yokunye ukudla. Ekubalwa i-spinach pizza, base, crisps, curry kanye namadumbe flakes.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana