Switsotswana swa Madiriva

Mealy bug damage in Chardonnay. Note the damage on leaves.

Nkatsakanyo

Switsotswani leswi hlaselaka swinene madiriva hileswi vange i grapevine mealy bugs, snout beetles na vusokoti. Switsotswani leswi swina vuxaka lebyikulu swinene exikarhi ka swona hikuva vulawuri hiti khemikali byi dlaya hinkaswo ka swona. Leswi swivula leswaku switsotswana leswi hinkwaswo swifanele kulawuriwa xikanwe hinkarhi wunwe. Switsotswana swotala swingava kona e masinwini ya madiriva naswona leswi landzelaka swingava xiphiqo swinene: Phylloxera Nematodes Margarodes kumbe ground pearls Grapevine mealy bugs Vusokoti Snout beetles Bud mites Erinose mites Tihumba Tinjiya ta timhondzo to leha

Phylloxera

Phylloxera i xitsotswana lexintsongo swinene lexi tswongaka mati eka ximilani lexi hanyaka emisaveni naswona xihanya hitimintsu ta nsinya wa madiriva. Xitsotswani lexi xitlhariha ngopfu exikarhi ka tinhweti ta September kuya fika eka May. Eka swiyimo swinwana, xitsotswana lexi xinga dya na matluka naswona xivonaka xikarhi xicikinya ehansi ka tluka. Kuceriwa no lavisisa timintsu ta mudiriva lowunga tiyangiki swinga komba switsotswana leswi swa xitshopani eka tindzhawu tinwana ta timintsu. Phylloxera xikumeka ngopfu eka misava yotala nale ka misinya ya madiriva leyi xiyitsakelaka hiswona leswi rhurhelaka ngopfu xitsotswana lexi. Ungrafted vines i misinya leyi milaka yiri na timintsu ta yona tiri toxe. Maendlelo yantolovelo yolawula switsotswana leswi iku tirhisa swimilani leswinga tala swofana na Ramsey.

Nematode

Nematode damage on the root of a cover crop.

Nematodes i switsotswana leswintsongo swinene leswi vonakaka hi microscope naswona swi onha timintsu ta misinya ya madiriva. Switsotswana swinwana swa nematodes swi hanya endzeni ka timintsu naswona swinga endla leswaku rimitsu ribohana, kasi swinwana swihanya ehansi ka misava naswona swihlasela timintsu hile handle. Malawulelo yati khemikali eka ti nematodes swifanele ku tekeriwa enhlokweni endzhaku kaloko ku lavisisiwe misava na timintsu naswon swinga endliwa kuya hilaha swinga pimiwa hikona. Kufana na phylloxera, nematode-tolerant rootstocks swifanele kutirhisiwa. Swinwana swimilani leswi byariwaka ku pfuneta kufana na African marigolds na oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus subsp. Oleiferus) swikota kutshikelela swinene eka nhlayo ya ti nematode. Switsotswani swa Nematode swina phoyizeni naswona swifanele ku khomiwa hivukheta naswona ehansi ka vulawuri.

Translated By Ike Ngobeni