Umhwebo Wezingulube eNingizimu Afrika

©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
In 2017, pork still ranked as the most popularly produced meat.
Isimo sezulu sezwe sishisa futhi sishisa futhi ezolimo zingaphansi kwengcindezi yokukhiqiza ukudla okunomsoco futhi okunciphisa abantu abakhula emhlabeni. Naphezu kwalokhu, "izwe elithuthukile" lilahla ingxenye yesithathu yokudla ekhulile ekusetshenzisweni komuntu, kanti amazwe amaningi asalokhu afushane kakhulu kwamaprotheni ukuhlinzeka uhla oluphelele lwe-amino acid edingekayo ekudleni komuntu.
Imboni yezwe yomhlaba iyashintshashintsha njengomphumela wemvelo futhi ikhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi zamaprotheni ukuze zigcwalise izidingo ezinkulu emiphakathini emithombo empofu.

Imithombo Eyinhloko Yenyama Emhlabeni

©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Pig production can help to address the growing demand for animal protein.
Ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwenyama yonke emhlabeni kubhalwe ngokuthembeka futhi kubikwa yi-Food and Agriculture Organization ye-United Nations (FAO). Ngo-2017 inani lamaprotheni enyama angaphezu kuka-350 million. Izinyamazane ezithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni ziyizinto zokukhiqiza (izigidi zamathani) ziyi: ingulube (112), izinkukhu (107), izinkukhu, izimbuzi, izintshe, kanti izinhlobo eziningana ezizingelwayo noma ezizingelwayo ezihlanganisa i-reindeer, i-moose, i-feral kanye nezikhumba zasendle, i-antelope, i-buffalo ne-African beef kanye ne-kangaroo.
Omunye umthombo wamaprotheni ekudleni kwamaprotheni wesintu yizilwane zasolwandle. Lokhu kubandakanya izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, ama-molluscs anikezela inani elilodwa lama-toni ayizigidi ezingu-170 zamaprotheni ezilwane.
Amanye amaqembu okudla njengemifino, izithelo, amasaladi aluhlaza, amantongomane, okusanhlamvu, ubisi, amaqanda, ushizi kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezivela kub laboratories (lezi zingase zibe abadlali abakhulu eminyakeni ezayo) zinendima ebalulekile yokudlala ekuhlinzekeni ezinye ukudla: ama-carbohydrates njengemithombo yamandla, i-fiber, amaminerali, amavithamini namanzi ahlanzekile futhi ngokuvamile amanye amaprotheni.

Ukudliwa Kwenyama eNingizimu Afrika

©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Between 600 to 5 000 sows are kept in large scale commercial units.
Kuthiwa iNingizimu Afrika (SA) ayinayo umhlaba ongaphezu kuka-15% wokulima futhi isidingo esandayo sokudla kwabantu sidinga ukukhiqizwa kwezilwane ngemikhiqizo ephezulu ezindaweni eziningi.
Ukuze unikeze amaprotheni amazingeni aphambili kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-55, izingulube nezinkukhu zihlwanyelwe ngempumelelo "emapulazini efektri" eNingizimu Afrika, kodwa kuphela u-0.5% wezinkukhu zomhlaba ezikhiqizwa eNingizimu Afrika.
INingizimu Afrika idla cishe amathani angu-200 000 yengulube inyama (fresh and processed) ngonyaka. Ukukhiqizwa kwethu kubalwa ngamathani angu-182 000 (izingulube ezibulalayo eziyizigidi ezingu-2.6 kanye nesisindo semvelo engama-70 kg) futhi singenisa amanye amathani angu-25 000. Lokhu kusho ngaphansi kuka-4 kg ngomuntu ngamunye ngonyaka ngaphezu kwabantu base-Afrika abangewona amaSulumane kodwa okubalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu base-Asia, Western Europe naseNyakatho Melika.
Amazwe angenisa afaka iJalimane, i-France, iSpain, eCanada, eBrazil nase-USA. Ukwehla okunezinhlanzi nokuphathwa ngendlela ekhethekile njengezimbambo zangaphandle kwakha okungu-60% kokungeniswa. iNingizimu Afrika ithumela imali encane yengulube eya eNamibia, eMauritius naseMozambique.
Izinkukhu ezingaphezu kweziyishumi kunokuba ingulube idliwe eNingizimu Afrika ngenani elifanayo kilogram elikhombisa imakethe enkulu engaba khona yemikhiqizo yengulube esanda kusetshenzwa.

Umhwebo Wezingulube eNingizimu Afrika

©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Feed can make up 75% of the cost of production.
Imboni yengulube eNingizimu Afrika inezinhlaka ezintathu eziyinhloko.
Izakhiwo ezinkulu zanamuhla, eziphumelelayo, ezinamandla zokukhiqiza zinamayunithi angama-600 no-5 000 okuhlwanyela. Kukhona ukuthambekela kwamayunithi epulazi ukuze "uthole omkhulu noma uphume". Izinzuzo zomnotho wesilinganiso ziyasebenza ezindlini zokufaka nokukhangisa.
Abakhiqizi abaphakathi nabancane eNingizimu Afrika bahamba kancane kanti ngaphandle uma bethola imakethe ye-niche noma banezinye izinzuzo, bahlaselwa izindleko ezikhulayo zokudla okulinganiselayo okudala amaphesenti angama-75 ezindleko zokusebenza ezigodini.

©Dr Jim Robinson
Small scale production can help to boost household income.
Izinkulungwane zabalimi abancane bezingulube ezinezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zokufaka izindlu nokudla. Kunomthelela omncane kubo ukubeka izindlu nokuthenga ukudla okulinganisela njengoba bengenakho ukuphepha okuhlala njalo. Ngezindawo zokukhosela ezivela ezintweni ezibucayi kanye nokudla okuphelelwe yisikhathi (okuvame ukuthi kube ngaphansi kwamaprotheni), bangakwazi ukwenza imali ebalulekile emalini yomndeni wabo.
Kukhona nephesenti elincane labalimi bezingulube ezikhethekile abagxila enhlalakahleni yezinkukhu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemvelo noma yamahhala kanye nokuthi isikhundla sabo akufanele siphikisana.

Translated by Nsika Khoza