Shango ḽa dzi Nguluvhe kha ḽa Afrika Tshipembe

©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
In 2017, pork still ranked as the most popularly produced meat.
Musi mutsho wa ḽifhasi u tshi khou dudela na u oma kha zwa vhulimi hu thoma u vha fhasi ha mutsiko uri vha kone ubvisa pfushi na zwiḽiwa zwine zwa vha uri azwi ḓuri kha vhathu vhare shangoni. Nga nnḓa ha hezwi, shango ḽine ḽa vha uri ḽo bvelela shango ḽa vhuraru ḽi khou laṱa zwiḽiwa zwine zwa vha uri ndi zwa vhathu, ngeno manwe mashango vha tshi khou zwi ṱoḓa vhukuma uri vha kone u wana dzi protein na dzi amino acid kha zwiḽiwa zwa vhathu.
Shango ḽa dzi ṋama ḽi khou wela sa zwine zwa vha masiandaitwa na u bveledza dzi protein dzine dza vha uri dzo fhambana uri dzi kone u vala gepe kha mashango ane avha uri ndi mahayani vha khou ḓi tambulela.

Hune Havha Tshiko tsha ṋama kha ḽifhasi

©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Pig production can help to address the growing demand for animal protein.
Hune havha hone ho no bveledzwa ṋama hune ha fulufhedzea ho ambiwa nga vha Food na Agriculture Organization vha United Nations (FAO). Nga 2017mbalo ine ya swika 350 million tonnes ya protein ya ṋama yo vha i tshi khou ḽiwa. Ṋama ine ya ḽeswa kha ḽifhasi yo vha inga nḓila ya u bveledzwa (millions ya dzi tons) ho vha hu nguluvhe: nguluvhe (112), khuhu (107) bovines (88), nngu, mmbudzi, ostriches na dzinwe dzine dza tou zwimiwa ho katelwa reindeer, moose, feral na wild boar, antelope, buffalo na African buffalo na kangaroo.
Hunwe hune ha bva hone Protein kha zwiḽiwa zwa vhathu ndi kha zwiḽiwa zwa maḓini. Hafha hu vha ho katelwa khovhe, crustaceans, molluscs zwine zwa dzhenisa dzine dza swika 170 million tonnes ya protein ya phukha.
Zwinwe zwigwada zwa zwiḽiwa hu vha ho katelwa miroho, mitshelo dzi green salad, dzi nḓuhu, grains, mafhi, makumba, cheese nahone hezwi zwoṱhe zwo ṱangana zwina mishumo ine ya vha uri yo fhambana, hezwi zwi nga vha zwone zwiḽiwa zwihulwane kha minwaha ine ya khou tevhela ngauri hezwi zwiḽiwa zwi ḓisa: Carbohydrates sa hune ha bva hone maanḓa, fibre, minerals, vitamins na maḓi avhuḓi kanzhi na dzinwe dzi protein.

U ḽiwa ha ṋama kha ḽa Afrika Tshipembe

©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Between 600 to 5 000 sows are kept in large scale commercial units.
Hu ambiwa uri Afrika Tshipembe ina fhethu hune ha swika 15% nahone u hula ha u ṱhoḓea ya zwiḽiwa zwa vhathu kha zwifuwo zwi khou gonya, nahone uri hu kone u fhiwa protein ine ya vha uri ndi ya vhuḓi ya vhathu vhane vha lingana 55 million, nguluvhe na khuhu dzi ya kona u fuwea zwavhuḓi, fhedzi dzine dza swika 0,5% ndi dzone dzine dza bveledzwa kha ḽa Afrika Tshipembe.
Kha ḽa Afrika Tshipembe hu ḽiwa ine ya swika 200 000 tonnes ya ṋama ya nguluvhe i thethe kana yo thoma ya vhewa nga nwaha. U bveledza ha vho riṋe hu swika kha 182 000 ton (2.6 million ya nguluvhe dzine dza vha uri dzo vhulaiwa hune ha vha na mutumbu une wa lemela 70 kg) ha ṱuwiswa dzinwe dzine dza swika 25 000 tonnes. Hezwi zwiimela zwine zwa vha fhasi ha 4kg nga muthu nga nwaha kha vhathu vhane vha sa vhe ma muslim, fhedzi zwi vha zwi tshi khou vhambedzwa na vhathu vhane vha vha kha ḽa Asia, Western Europe na North America.
Mashango ane dzi iswa khao ndi Germany, France, Spain, Canada, Brazil na USA. Ine ya vha yo thoma ya vhewa kha zwirothodzi ya khathiwa zwavhuḓi ya vha dzi ribs iya swika 60%. Afrika Tshipembe vha ya isa ṋama ṱhukhu kha ḽa Namibia, Mauritius na Mozambique.
Zwine zwa swika kha fumi zwa khuhu u fhira nguluvhe ndi zwone zwine zwaḽiwa kha ḽa Afrika Tshipembe nga mutengo wo no elana nga kg zwine zwa sumbedza uri iya rengwa vhukuma i thethe na musi yo thoma ya vhewa.

Shango ḽa dzi Nguluvhe kha ḽa Afrika Tshipembe

©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Feed can make up 75% of the cost of production.
Hafha hu vha huna zwigwada zwine zwa swika zwiraru.
Large-scale modern, efficient, intensive production units dzine dza vha vhukati ha 600 na 5 000 dza tsadzi nga units. Huna nḓowelo kha zwa u fuwa "hulani kana ni bvele nnḓa". Ndi u dzhia maanḓa a tshikalo tsha ikonomi hu tshi khou sedziwa u ḓura na u vhambadza.
Vhane vha vha uri ndi vharengisi vhaṱuku na vha vhukati kha ḽa Afrika Tshipembe vha khou ḓi fhungudzea vha tshi ya, nahone arali vha sa tou wana inwe nḓila ya kurengisele kana ya u wana masheleni, vha vha vho no vha dziedzini kha zwa u bveledza zwine zwa khou tshimbila u swika kha 75% ya u ḓura ha zwa u fuwa nguluvhe.

©Dr Jim Robinson
Small scale production can help to boost household income.
Zwigidi zwa vho rabulasi vhaṱuku vhane vha vha na tshelede ṱhukhu ya dzi nnḓu na uḽa. Vha ya shavha zwiṱuku ngauri a vhana fhethu hune havha ha tshoṱhe. Hune wa wana madzulo atshi khou itwa nga zwithu zwine zwa vha zwo laṱiwa na zwiḽiwa zwine zwa vha zwo no tshinyala, zwine zwa vha na protein ṱhukhu, vha nga si kone u dzhenelela kha zwa u bvisa masheleni kha nyimelo ya miṱa yavho ya masheleni.
Ahuna uri hedzi ndi nguluvhe ṱhukhu na uri havha vha u lavhelesa nguluvhe ṱhukhu na hone ndi vhuimo vhufhio vhune ha sa ḓo fhiwa khaedu.