Ushishino Lwee Hagu eMzantsi Afrika

©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
In 2017, pork still ranked as the most popularly produced meat.
Isimo sezulu kumhlaba jikelele siba shushu kwaye umhlaba womile, oku kwenza ezolimo zibe phantsi koxinzelelo lokuvelisa ukutya okusempilweni ngamaxabiso aphantsi, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zoluntu olukhulayo eMzantsi Afrika. Logama kunje, ‘ amazwe asele ephumelele’ alahla ingxenye yokutya okukhuliswa ngenjongo zokondla uluntu logama amazwe amaninzi edinga isondlo se protein ngamandla ukunikeza ii- amino acids ezipheleleyo ezidingekayo emzimbeni womntu.
Abavelisi benyama kumazwe jikelele bayaqhelana noku, njengendalo kwaye ivelisa iiproteni ukufezekisa izidingo zempilo kwiindawo zokuhlala zoluntu oluhluphekayo.

Ezona Ndawo Ezivelisa Inyama Kwilizwe Jikelele

©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Pig production can help to address the growing demand for animal protein.
Iimveliso zenyama kwilizwe lonke, inkuckacha` ngoku ziyashicilelwa kuchazwe ngazo ngabe Food and Agriculture Organization ye ntlangano yeziswe ezimanyeneyo (United Nations – FAO). Ngonyaka ka 2017 iitoni zenyama ezizigidi ezingama 350 million ze protein yenyama zatyiwa. Ezona nyama zithandwayo ehlabathini zabekwa ngokwemveliso zazo (izigidi zee toni) yayizezi:
ihagu (112), inkukhu (107), iintlobo zenkomo (88), iigusha, iibhokhwe, iinciniba kunye nenqwaba yenyamazana ezizingelwayo okanye iintlobo ezifuywayo eziquka ireideer, eyinyamazane yasehlathini enkulu, izilwanyane zase ndle, inkunzi yehagu yasendle, imbabala, ibhafalo, ibhafalo yase Afrika, ne Kangaru.
Ezinye izilwanyana ezinikeza iproteni kuluntu yinyama eyintlanzi. Oku kuquka intlanzi, crustaceans, molluscs enikeza ngokupheleleyo ngezi gidi ezingama 170 million wee toni ze protein yezilwanyane.
Ezinye iintlobo zokutya ezifana nemifuno, iziqhamo, isidlo se saladi esihlaza ngombala, amandongomane, ingqolowa, ubisi, amaqanda, isonka samasi, kunye nokwenziwa kwemveliso ngoo chwephesha kwii laboratory, (kwiminyaka ezayo ingazizo ezivelisa ukutya ngaphezu kwazo zonke) zinendawo ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni ezinye iintlobo zokutya: carbohydrates njengezona ezinikeza amandla, fibre, minerali, vitamins, namanzi acocekileyo, ngesiqhelo kunye ne protein.

uKutyiwa Kwenyama Kweli lase Mzantsi Afrika

©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Between 600 to 5 000 sows are kept in large scale commercial units.
Kukholelwa okokuba uMzantsi Afrika (SA) ungaphantsi kweshumi elinesihlanu (15%) umhlaba olimekayo,kwaye izidingo ezinyuka mihla le zokuvelisa ukutya ukuze uluntu lutye, kudingeka imveliso yezilwanyana ezivelisa umyinge omninzi. Ukunikeza iproteni esemgangathweni kubantu abazizigidi ezingama 55 million, iihagu neenkukhu zifuywa ngempumelelo kwi ’fama ezizi eziyimizi yemveliso) eMzantsi Afrika, kodwa ngu 0,5% kuphela wenyama yehagu eveliswa apha eMzantsi Afrika.
Uluntu lwase Mzantsi Afrika lutya ama 200 000 we toni zenyama yehagu (esemgangathweni kwaye elungisiweyo) ngonyaka. Eyethu imveliso yenza ama 182 000 we toni (2.6 million wehagu ezixheliweyo ezinobunzima obungu 70kg) kwaye siye si funekwamanye amazwe ezinye iitoni ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu. Oku kuchaza ngaphantsi kwe 4 kg umntu ngamnye ngonyaka ngaphezulu kwabase Afrika, abangalandeli inkolo yobusilamusi, kodwa elinani lincinci xa liqathaniswa nelabantu base Asia, eNtshona ye Yurophu, naku Mazantsi eMelika.
Amazwe ekufunyanwa kuwo inyama yehagu aquka iGermany, France, Spain, Canada, Brazil, kunye ne USA. Inyama ekhencezisiweyo kwaye yanqunqwa efana nembambo yenza amashumi amathandathu we pesenti (60%) ethe yathathwa kwamanye amazwe. Inyama esuka kweli loMzantsi Afrika ligcuntswana lenyama yehagu esiwa eNamibia, Mauritius kunye ne Mozambique. Inani lenyama yenkukhu liphinda phindwe kalishumi xa kufaniswa neyehagu, inkukhu yeyona ityiwayo kweli ngexabiso eliphantse lalingana ngobunzima be kilograms ichaza okokuba sisizathu ingathengwa kakhulu inyama yehagu esemgangathweni yehagu.

Ushishino lwee Hagu eMzantsi Afrika

©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Feed can make up 75% of the cost of production.
Ushishino lwehagu kweli loMzantsi Afrika,lune zihlala ezintathu eziluqilima.
Imveliso ezinkulu zalemihla, zibaphakathi kwama 600 ne 5 000 ngenani lokutya kwezilwanyane. Kukhona ke umkhwa wokuba ukutya efama makube ‘kuninzi okanye phuma’. Uncedo lwezoqoqosho ngokwe ngeniso luyasebenza ekufakeni imali yentengiso kunye nezopapasho zeshishini.
Abavelisi abancinci naba phakathi bentengiso kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika inani liyancipha, kufuneka bafumane intengiso ebasebenzelayo okanye babenenye ingeniso, bazakuchaphazelwa ngamaxabiso anyukayo kweli okutya awenza ama 75% ekuqhubeni ishishini leehagu.

©Dr Jim Robinson
Small scale production can help to boost household income.
Amawaka wamafama amancinci afuye iihagu, anendleko ezisezantsi zendlwana nokutya. Incinci ke imali abayi fumana ukuze bokhe iindlwana kwaye bathenge nokunye ukutya kuba abanasiqinisekiso sexesha. Iindlwana ezenziwe ngokufumaneka apho kulahlwa khona udothi kunye nokutya okuphelelweyo (okusezantsi kwi protein), abanokukwazi ke ukwenza igalelo elibonakalayo kwezezimali zeentsapho zabo. Likhona ke igcuntswana lamafama akhethekileyo abajongana nempilo yehagu, nemveliso eyi free range okanye organic kwaye indawo yawo lomafama akufunekanga ithandabuzeke.

Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie