Bindzu ra Tinguluve eAfrika Dzonga
©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
In 2017, pork still ranked as the most popularly produced meat.
Maxelo ya misava yasungula kukufumela naku oma naswona vurimi byile ka ntshikelelo waku humelerisa swakudya swo aka miri naswona swakudya swo chipa swa misava leyikulaka. E handle ka sweswo, "developed world" va cukumeta swakudya leswi byaleriwaka ku dyiwa hi vanhu, loko matiko lawa yotala ya kayivela swinene kukuma ti protein leti tisaka ti amino acids ta nkoka leti lavekaka eka swakudya swa munhu. Eka vuhumelerisi bya nyama bya laha misaveni byile kutivekeni kahle eka mbuyelo naswona byi humelerisa ti proteins kuva ti tiyisisa swilaveko swankoka laha kungana nhlupheko e vanhwini.
Vuphakeri bya Nyama lebyikulu Misava Hinkwayo
©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Pig production can help to address the growing demand for animal protein.
Vuhumelerisi byo hetiseka bya nyama byi tsarisiwile kahle hiva Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Hi lembe ra 2017 nhlayo yo tlula kwalomu ka 350 million wati tonnes ta vuhumelerisi bya nyama leyingana ti protein yi dyiwile. Nyama yandhuma swinene emisaveni hinkwayo leyi ayi humelerisiwa (millions of tons) akuri: Nguluve (112), Huku (107) bovines (88), nyimpfu, mbuti, yimbho kutani kuva na leyi hlotiwaka kunene e nhoveni kumbe leswi risiwaka leswi katsaka reindeer, moose, feral xikan’we na wild boar, antelope, buffalo na African buffalo xikan’we na kangaroo. Mphakelo wunwani wati protein eka swakudya swa vanhu wusuka eka swakudya swale lwandle. Leswi swi katsa hlampfi, crustaceans, molluscs leswi tisaka nhlayo ya 170 million wati tonnes tati protein ta swiharhi.
Mintlawa yin’wani ya swakudya kufana na matsavu, mihandzu, green salads, timanga, grains, milk, eggs, cheese xikan’we na bio-technical creations kusuka eti laboratories (leswi kungava vakhomi va swilo eka malembe lawa yataka) vana xiave lexikulu kuxi tlanga eka vuphakeri bya swakudya: Carbohydrates tani hi mphakelo wa, fibre, timinerali, ti vitamin na mati lawa ya baseke hixitalo nati protein tinwana.
Ku Dyiwa ka Nyama eAfrika Dzonga
©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Between 600 to 5 000 sows are kept in large scale commercial units.
Kuvikiwa leswaku Afrika Dzonga ayina kutlula 15% ya misava kukatsa swilaveko swa swakudya kuya hi swilaveko swa vanhu swakudya xikan’we na vufuwi bya swifuwo leswi vuyerisaka mbuyelo wale henhla. Ku phakela ti protein ta khwalithi kuringana vanhu va 55 million, tinguluve na tihuku swifuyiwa kahle hindlea leyi humelelaka eka ti "factory farms" e Afrika Dzonga, kuriku kwalomu ka 0.5% ya nyama ya nguluve ya misava hinkwawo yihumelerisiwa e Afrika Dzonga.
Afrika Dzonga yi dya kwalomu ka 200 000 wa ti tonnes ta nyama ya nguluve hi lembe (yitetano kumbe ku endliwa swinwana). Vuhumelerisi bya hina byi fika eka 182 000 ton (2.6 million ws tinguluve leti dlawaka tiri na mintsumbu leyi wunwe wutikaka kwalomu ka 70 kg) kutani hiyisa kwalomu ka 25 000 tonnes ta nyama e matikweni yan’wana. Leswi swiyimela ehansi ka 4 kg hi munhu hi lembe leswi tlulaka nhlayo leyinga e Afrika ya vanhu lavangariki ma-Muslim kambe aswi vuli nchumu loko kupimanyisiwa na vanhu vale Asia, Western Europe nale North America. Matiko lawa nyama yiyisiwaka eka yona yakatsa Germany, France, Spain, Canada, Brazil na USA.
Leyi omisiweke na ngopfu ngopfu ti spare ribs ti endla kwalomu ka 60% wa nyama leyi yisiwaka e matikweni yale handle. Afrika Dzonga yi rhumela nhlayo yintsongo ya nyama ya nguluve kuya e Namibia, Mauritius nale Mozambique. Ten times kutlula nyama ya huku leyi dyiwaka e Afrika Dzonga eka ntsengo lowu ringanaka hi kilogram swikomba kuhumelela eka timakete ta nyama yotsakama xikan’we na swakudya leswinga endliwa hi nyama ya nguluve.
Bindzu ra Tinguluve eAfrika Dzonga
©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Feed can make up 75% of the cost of production.
Vuhumelerisi bya nyama ya nguluve laha Afrika Dzonga byina swiave swinharhu.
Xi ave lexikulu xa manguva lawa, xa humelela, vuhumelerisi lebyikulu byi humelerisa exikarhi ka 600 na 5 000 wa tinguluve ta xisati. Kuna matirhelo ya mapurasi yaku "get big or get out". Swa kahle eka ti ikhonomi hileswaku tihakelo ta kuxava na kuxavisa tinghenisiwile. Vahumelerisi lavantsongo na vale xikarhi e Afrika Dzonga vaya va hunguteka handle kaloko vakuma makete kumbe vava na mali yin’wana leyi nghenaka, kambe vahluphiwa hi tihakelo leti endlaka kwalomu ka 75% yaku fambisa purasi ra tinguluve.
Small scale production can help to boost household income.
Magidi gidi ya vafuwi va tinguluve lavantsongo natihakelo tintsongo swinene ta swakudya na xivala. Kuna hakelo yintsongo yaku endla xivala naku xava swakudya tani hileswi vangariki na nsirhelelo. Laha vutumberi lebyi endliwaka hi switirhisiwa swakhale na swakudya leswinga hundzeriwa (switala kuva e hansi hi ti protein), swinga engetelela mali eka ku hlayisa mindyangu ya mindyangu ya vona. Kutlhela kuva na phesente yintsongo ya vafuwi va tinguluve vohlawuleka lava vavekaka rihanyo xikan’we na leti titifambafambelaka leti nakona tinga fanelanga ku karhatiwa.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni
