Ukubaluleka Kwamanzi Emvula Ukuvuna Nokulondoloza

© Sustainable Sanitation Alliance
Imikhuba emibi yokulondolozwa kwenhlabathi kanye nokuhlwanyelwa kwamahlathi kuholela ekukhuliseni komhlabathi omkhulu kanye nokwehla komhlaba. Ukwengeza kulokhu umonakalo obhubhisa isomiso emanzini angaphansi komhlaba atholakalayo futhi imiphumela yimifama engabhali, abalimi abalahla amapulazi abo, ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla kanye nobumpofu.
Ukuvuna kwamanzi emvula kuye kwasekela imiphakathi yasendulo eminyakeni engaba ngu-3000 edlule. Namuhla, ukuvuna kwamanzi emvula kuyindlela eqhubekayo esetshenziswa abakhiqizi abancane nabalimi bezohwebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulondolozwa kwamanzi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa amanzi okusetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo kanye nemithombo eyanele yokwandiswa kokulima.

Kuyini Ukuvuna Amanzi Emvula?

©Marinda Louw
Ukuvuna amanzi emvula yilapho amanzi emanzi eqoqwe ukuze asetshenziselwe ukulima noma ukusetshenziswa komndeni. Izindlela zokuvuna amanzi emvula zifaka phakathi ukuphambukisa, ukuqoqa nokugcina amanzi okugeleza. Amanzi angaqoqwa emigqeni yemifula yemvelo njengemigqa nemifudlana, kusukela emagcekeni omhlaba kanye nophahla lwezakhiwo. Amanzi emvula angagcinwa ngamabhakede, amathangi noma amadamu.
Amanzi emvula ngokuvamile avuna amadamu angajulile lapho asetshenziselwa ukuchelela kodwa futhi avunyelwe ukungena emhlabathini ukuze agcwalise amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba anikezela iziphethu nemithombo.

Kuyini Ukulondolozwa Kwamanzi?

Ukulondolozwa kwamanzi ukuvikela, ukuthuthukiswa nokuphathwa kahle kwamanzi. Ngokunisela, ukulondolozwa kwamanzi kudinga ukuthi amanzi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka kufanele angene emhlabathini ukuze anciphise ukuqhuma kwamanzi nokugeleza kwamanzi.
Izibonelo zokulondolozwa kwamanzi zihlanganisa okulandelayo:
Phindza amanzi futhi uphinde usebenzise amanzi - njengokusebenzisa amanzi okugeza emifino yamanzi.
Nisela izitshalo ngendlela eqondakalayo - ukuphuza kancane kancane kodwa ngokugcwele futhi unganisela ngesikhathi sokushisa kosuku.
Lungisa amathinki avuzayo namapayipi.
Khulisa izitshalo kanye nezitshalo ezifanele isimo sezulu nesimo sendawo.

Ukugcinwa Komhlabathi Nokulondolozwa Kwamanzi

Iyini ukuxhumana phakathi kwenhlabathi namanzi?
Umhlabathi yindawo enkulu yamanzi kanye nesakhiwo esihle somhlabathi kuzosiza ekugcineni amanzi. Izinga lokungena kwamanzi emhlabathini lithembele ezintweni ezifana nenhlabathi, uma isitshalo sitshalwe enhlabathini, isakhiwo somhlabathi kanye nomthamo womhlabathi.
Uma amanzi egcinwa enhlabathini, izimpande zezitshalo zizokwazi ukufinyelela leli gumbi lamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukulondolozwa kwenhlabathi kubalulekile ukugcina isitshalo esivundile ukutshala izitshalo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngamanzi amanzi ezitshalweni. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokumboza umhlabathi ngamanqamu okufana nokuhlala kwezitshalo. Lokhu kwandisa ukungena kwamanzi futhi kwehlisa izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukukhuphuka kwamanzi.
Izibonelo eziningi zokulondolozwa kwenhlabathi zibandakanya ukulimala noma ukulimala okuncane, isitshalo se-basin, besebenzisa izitshalo eziluhlaza kanye nezitshalo zokutshala. I-Basin tillage yilapho kukhishwa khona inhlabathi emgodini omncane noma idamu elingajulile elidalwe ngaphambi komgwaqo emthambekeni. Amanzi aqoqa emgodini ngesikhathi semvula, esithandwa kalula lapho inhlabathi ikhululiwe.

Izinzuzo Zokuvuna Amanzi Emvula

Ukuqoqa amanzi emvula kunezinzuzo eziningi. Lapho ukuvuna amanzi emvula emthambekeni noma emagqumeni, kungavimbela ukuguguleka komhlabathi okubangelwa ukuqhuma kwamanzi ngemva kwemvula enamandla. Izakhiwo zokuvuna amanzi emvula zilula ukuzakha, azidingi izinto ezibiza kakhulu futhi zisesondlo esincane.
Ukuvuna amanzi emvula kunciphisa isikhathi sokuqoqa amanzi emanzini namanzi futhi kungasiza ikhaya ukuba lizimele ngamanzi, ikakhulukazi lapho kuvuna amanzi emvula avela ophahleni.

Translated by Nsika Khoza