Kuyini Isiqhotho?
Isibongo kukhona amabhola noma izingcezu zeqhwa kusuka ku-3 mm kuya ku-50 mm ngobukhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ukwakha isichotho ngokuvamile kudinga amafu angama-convective anama-updrafts aqinile, isichotho sivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezivunguvungu. Izivunguvungu ngokuvamile zihlala cishe imizuzu engu-15 futhi ngokuvamile ziba phakathi kuze kuhlwe ntambama.INingizimu Afrika inesifiso esinamandla esiqhwaqhaqhoqho esinamandla, esivela emkhatsini wezingxenye eziphakathi kwe-latitudes-temperate zone phakathi kuka-30 no-60 degrees enyakatho naseningizimu ye-equator.
Isiqhotho Senziwe Kanjani?
Iziphepho ezinamandla zidinga ukuvuselelwa okuqinile, i-ice nuclei eyanele namanzi amaningi aphelile.Ukuze kube nesichotho esincane kunazo zonke ukudala i-updraft ye-35-55 km / h edingekayo. Amatshe amakhulu,
ubukhulu bebhola yegalofu, ububanzi bama-40 mm, badinga ukubuyekezwa kwe-90 km / h nxazonke.
Amatshe esichotho aqala ukwakha imbewu yemifula encane efakwe efriziwe noma izinhlayiyana ezincane zeqhwa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-graupel - inqwaba yezingqimba zeqhwa. Ukuze ama-raindrops afriziwe noma i-graupel ikhule ibe yi-hailstone yangempela, kumele iqoqe iqhwa elengeziwe, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-accretion. Ukwenza kanjalo, umbungu wesichotho kumele uchithe isikhathi emafwini anesimo samanzi angaphezulu kwama-supercooled lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kwe-0°C.
Amatshe esichotho awela ngenxa yokwanda kuya esilinganisweni esingakwazi ukubalwa ngokubuyekezwa kwesiphepho sesiphepho, noma angabanjwa e-downdraft futhi aphonse umhlaba. Izichotho ezinkulu ziwela ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka 160 km / h. Iningi lesichotho lincibilikisa ngaphambi kokushaya phansi noma ukuphazamisa ngaphakathi kwezulu elikhukhulayo.
Izindawo Ezinesiqhotho Ngokuvamile eNingizimu Afrika
Izibhamu zenzeke kakhulu phakathi kweKwaZulu-Natali, izingxenye ezisenyakatho nasentshonalanga ye-Eastern Cape, eFree State nasezindaweni eziphakeme zeGauteng, empumalanga yeFree State naseMpumalanga kunezinye izindawo zaseNingizimu Afrika.
Amabhande Esiqhotho eNingizimu Afrika
Kuneziqhingi ze-hartstorm 'noma izibhamu zesiqhwa' eNingizimu Afrika. Lezi zindawo zinomvuthwandaba ophezulu kakhulu wesichotho kunezindawo ezizungezile.Indawo yaseMisgund eLandkloof Valley, enye yezindawo zokukhiqiza izithelo eziqhamuka eNingizimu Afrika, ngaphansi kokunisela, yi-haltstorm hotspot, elahlekelwa njalo.
Elinye ibhande elikhulu lesichotho lihamba eduze nemithambeka yaseningizimu yezintaba zase Winterberg e-Eastern Cape kusukela enyakatho yeSomerset East kuya enyakatho yeFort Beaufort. Abalimi bezitshalo ze-citrus eMfuleni iKut River eduze kwaseBong Beaufort baye balahlekelwe kakhulu ngenxa yesichotho esinzima esijwayelekile.
EMpumalanga Kapa, iziphepho zaseDisemba noJanuwari zibhekwa ngamatshe amakhulu esiqhwala, ezinkulu kuneqanda lezinkukhu.
Kubuye kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi 'isichotho sonyaka' sendawo ethile, ngoba isivuno isiteji lapho isichotho sishaya khona senza umehluko omkhulu kumonakalo owenziwe. Ngeshwa, ulwazi mayelana nokuvama kwesichotho, ama-hotspots noma ubukhulu be-hailstone alitholakali kumarekhodi emeteorological.
Translated by Nsika Khoza