Kunobudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kwempilo yenhlabathi nempilo yezitshalo, kuchaza u-Alan Rosenberg encwadini yakhe iGlobal Health in Crisis - impendulo ilele emhlabathini.
Isizathu: inhlabathi evundile kakhudlwana, izitshalo ezingaphansi zizothola ukuhlaselwa okuhlobene nezinambuzane kanye nobunzima bezifo. Ngamanye amazwi, inhlabathi enempilo, izitshalo ezikhula kuyo ziyoba ngcono. Ngakho-ke, izifo kanye nezinambuzane kuyizinkomba zokuthi impilo yenhlabathi ayimphathi kahle.
Impilo Yezitshalo
Ubudlelwano obuphakathi kwezempilo yezitshalo nempilo yenhlabathi buqhakanjiswe yisazi sezinto eziphilayo saseFrance, uFrancis Chaboussou. UChaboussou waqamba umbono we-trophobiosis othi 'inkathazo ibulawa yisitshalo esinempilo'.
Izinambuzane ziyachuma ezitshalweni lapho kunokwakhiwa khona ushukela omningi ongamanzi, ama-amino acid kanye namaminerali kumaseli ezitshalo. Izitshalo ezikhulayo ezinempilo zinemetabolism esebenzayo lapho la mashukela, ama-amino acid kanye namaminerali asemangqamuzaneni asetshenziswa ngezinga elifanayo lapho kwenziwa ngalo. Amanzi weseli yesitshalo, ngakho-ke, awanakho okweqile kwalezi zinto, futhi akwanele ukuthi izinambuzane zizisebenzise njengokuphilisa futhi zande.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-agrochemicals kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-plant metabolism okuholela ekunciphiseni kokuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-amino acid kumaseli ezitshalo okwenza lesi sitshalo sithande kakhulu izinambuzane.
Futhi, ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwe-nitrogen kungahle futhi kuholele ekukhiqizweni ngokweqile kwama-amino acid.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ukugxila kufanele kugudluke kokuphakelayo kwezitshalo kuya kokudla komhlabathi. Ukudla ngomhlabathi okulungile kuzokhuphula amagciwane omhlabathi nawo azothuthukisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi, ukutholakala kwezakhi zomzimba kanye nokungena kwamanzi.
Lo mbono uphinde uqinisekiswe ukushicilelwa kweNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, iManagement for Soil Health Canress Plies. Ukushicilelwa kuthiwe 'ukuphatha impilo yenhlabathi kungaba yinto ebalulekile yokulawulwa kwezinambuzane'.
Impilo Yomhlaba
Inhlabathi inempilo lapho izimo zemvelo, zamakhemikhali nezomzimba zilingana - lezi zimo zithonya omunye komunye. Isibonelo, isimo somzimba senhlabathi enamanzi amaningi singaholela ekulahlekelweni kwe-nitrogen, isimo samakhemikhali. I-nitrate (uhlobo lwe-nitrogen) iyachazwa futhi izolahleka ngesimo segesi ye-nitrogen (N2). Lapho izitshalo zingaphansi kwengcindezi ngenxa yezimo zenhlabathi (isomiso, i-pH, ukuntuleka kwezakhi, ukuqina nokunye) ukumelana kwazo nezinambuzane nezifo kuncishisiwe.
Izinto zenhlabathi eyisisekelo senhlabathi enempilo. Inhlabathi enempilo, enothile ngezinto eziphilayo inezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba ezisiza ekuqhekekeni kwezinto eziphilayo nokukhululwa kwezakhi ezikhona zesitshalo.
Ama-Microorganisms asemhlabathini angazuza izitshalo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Amagciwane athile, anjengeBacillus, angabulala ama-antibiotic angavikela izitshalo ezifweni kanti ezinye zivusa ukukhula kwezimpande zezitshalo. Ama-Earthworms anciphisa ukusebenza kwenhlabathi ngenkathi isikhunta se-mycorrhizal sisiza ngokusetshenziswa ngcono kwe-phosphorus.
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo ezikhula kahle zinempilo ukuqinisekisa inhlabathi enempilo ngokungeza izinto eziningi eziphilayo (umquba, umanyalu, isivuno sokutshala, njll.) Ukusekela ukwahlukahlukana kwamagciwane enhlabathi.
Izinkomba Zempilo Yomhlabathi
Izitshalo ezinempilo ziyinkomba ebonakalayo yenhlabathi enempilo. Inhlabathi enempilo isekela imvelo ephezulu yemvelo yamagciwane. Lokhu kufaka hlangana neminyundu neminye impilo yenhlabathi.
Ukuguguleka nokuqhekeka kwaphezulu kwenhlabathi ngemuva kokutshala kukhombisa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngomhlabathi nokuthi izakhi zomzimba ziyalahleka noma azitholi isitshalo.
Translated by Nsika Khoza