Ukuqala Ifama yee Hagu
The profitability of the farm will depend on various factors, from feeding and management to the cost of land and electricity.
Ukuze ukufuya iihagu kwenze imali, amafama kufuneka abekele bucala abathengi behagu zabo kwaye babale iindleko zemveliso phambi kokuqala ishishini.
Iindleko zeze zimali, umhlaba, indawo yemveliso, ukutya, abasebenzi, amayeza, ukufumana iihagu, ukukhula kwehagu, inani leehagwana ezizelweyo, inani leehagu zenyama ezikhulisiweyo ngokwe mazi kunye ne nani lehagu ezifileyo zezona zinto zichaphazela indleko zemveliso.
iMali Yokuqala Ishishini
Farmers could start small with a couple of sows and grow the business gradually as they become more skilled.
Ukuqala intengiso yehagu ekuqaleni okanye ukuyithenga komnye umfama kungangu mthwalo omkhulu ngokweze zimali. iSouth African Pork Producers Organisation (SAPPO) kwincwadi yayo yemveliso ethi Pigs for Profit inalamacebiso alandelayo ukugcina amaxabiso esezantsi: amafama angaqala kancinci, ngemazi ezimbalwa, jenge ngeniso yabucala ezakunceda amafama afunde ngolushishino phambi kokuzifaka emngciphekweni weze zimali.
Endaweni yoku khulisela efama, amafama anganciphisa iindleko zokuqala lemveliso ngokujongana nendawo ethile kwimveliso. Banga velisa bakhulise iihagu zenyama kulowo usebenza ngazo uzikhulisayo okanye uzithenge kwiveki ezintandathu ukuya kwishumi ubudala uzikhulise de zifikelele kwixesha lokuxhelwa.
Iindleko Zokutya
©National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Feed represents up to 80% of the cost of production in a piggery.
Ngokubhalwa ngu Danie Visser kwincwadi ethi Modern Pig Production, iindleko zokutya zibonakalisa i70% ukuya ku 80% wexabiso lwemveliso kwifama yalemihla yokuthengisa. Amafama angawehlisa amaxabiso okutya ngokuvelisa nokuxuba ukutya ngokwabo okanye bathenge ukutya okuxabiso liphantsi kufuphi nendawo yemveliso. Umzekelo, bangathe ezimveliso zokutya kulowo apho kwenziwa umgubo okanye ukutya okusuka kumthi i-‘proposis’ okanye iinuts ezizi ‘acorns’ batyise iihagu.
Ukuvelisa okwabo ukutya amafama kufuneka abenomhlaba owoneleyo kwaye acingele neendleko zemveliso zoku, njengoko kungadinga imveliso yexabiso liphezulu kunye nezixhobo zoku xuba. Xa ufumana ukutya kwamanye amafama okanye amashishini, amafama kufuneka aqinisekise okokuba ukutya kucocekile kwaye akuna ngozi yezempilo.
Kunga nceda ukuthetha nokusebenza ngempilo yezilwanyane okanye onguchwephesha akuncede wenze uhlelo lokutya ngoko unako okanye ukuzama ukukhawulelana nokungafumani izakha mzimba. Iihagu azinaku khula kakuhle xa zityiswa amandongomane ii-acorns kuphela okanye iProsopis.
Inani Lezilwanyana Ezithengisiweyo
The number of piglets born per sow per year will have a huge impact on farm profitability.
Ingeniso ixhomekeka kakhulu kwinani lwezilwanyana ezithengisiweyo, lona ke zelixhomekeke kwinani lehagwana ezikhutshwe ebeleni ngamantshontsho azelweyo, inani lamantshontsho akhulisiweyo ngokwe mazi kunye nenani lwezilwanyana ezifa phambi kokuba zithengiswe. Inani lehagwana ezivelisiweyo nezisuswe ebeleni mazi nganye yehagu zixhomekeka kuhlobo lweehagu eliveliswayo, kwaye nokuba zityiswa kakuhle okanye neemeko zemveliso.
Ngokwe ncwadi ethi Modern Pig Production inani lamantshotsho eliqhelekileyo kwimveliso eluqilima zihagwana ezilishumi elinanye ukuya kwishumi elinambini, abavelisi abahamba phambili bakhulisa iihagwana ezingama 28 ngokwe mazi yehagu nganye ngonyaka eMzantsi Afrika. Ukukhetha uhlobo lwehagu ngobu nono kunganceda ukukhulisa inani lehagwana ezivelisiweyo nezikhutshwe ebeleni ngokwe hagwana nganye kunye nobunzima bazo xa zizalwa.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie
