Ukulungisa imveliso esandula ukukhiwa ukuze umfaxange isiselo kuquka ngapha kokufunxela esityeni. Injongo kukongeza ixesha ezakulihlala ingonakali. Ukwenza ngcono nokugcina incasa, umbala kunye nomgangatho nokongeza ukubaluleka kwimveliso elinyiweyo enokuthi ingathengiswa njengemveliso esandula ukuvunwa.
Imithetho yokumfaxanga iquka imiqathango ethile emveni kokuvuna (umzekelo, isithuthi, ukulungisa nokupholisa) ukhuseleko lokutya, imiqathango yokwenza nokupakisha, ukuqinisekisa izinto zenziwe ngendlela njalo njalo.
Ezinye iziqhamo nemifuno zidinga izenzo ezithileyo zokulungisa kuxhomekeke kubume beziqhamo okanye ukumila kwaso (ngobume bohlobo lwesiqhamo) okanye ukwenziwa kwayo. Umzekelo, i-Aloe ferox ayikwazi ukulungiswa ngendlela efanayo nepesika kuba ialoe ferox ijika ibeyimpuphu engqindilili. Isiqhamo esine sikhumba ezingatyekiyo esifana ne payina kufuneka sixotyulwe kuqala xa kuthelekiswa nee bheri zona zingasetyenziswa ngobunjalo bazo.
Indlela yoku Mfaxanga
Imiyalelo eqhelekileyo yokumfaxanga kukuwisa amadonga wamajoni wesiqhamo/mifuno, oku kuvumela izinongo ezifakiweyo kunye nokufuma kunye nefibre ziphume. Izixhobo zokumfaxanga isiselo se jusi siyashiyana, zikhona ezisetyenziswa ngesandla, kubekho nezo zityumza ngoomatshini – zona ke ziyakwazi ukutyumza iitoni ezininzi zeziqhamo nge yure.
Ukhona umahluko okhethekileyo ngendlela isiqhamo ngasinye esiphathwa ngayo, lilonke yindlela kawonke wonke ezakuthi ichazwe ngezantsi:
Emveni kokuhlola nokulungisa iziqhamo ezifumanekileyo, ziyavaswa zipholiswe. Kwesisigaba, ezinye iziqhamo zingathi zivuthwe ngakumbi ngexesha kwezinye iziqhamo ukuvuthwa kungehliswa ukulungiselela indlela yokumfaxanga.
Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lesiqhamo, siyaxotyulwa, sikhutshwe iintanga, kususwe kwanto engadingekiyo phambi kokuba sicunyuzwe. Impuphu ilungiswa ngentsholongwane ezilungileyo ezithile ukuncediswa ukuwisa amajoni wesiqhamo kunye nendawo ezine fibre ezifana ne pectin ne cellulose. Ukunyangwa nge enzymes kuhlala kukhatshwa ngokwenza shushu ukuze kongezeleke umlinganiselo we jusi kumajoni wesiqhamo. Ubushushu benza isiqhamo sithambe, senza ienzyme zesiqhamo zingasebenzi yehlisa nomlinganiselo we microbes.
Kulandela ukutyumza nokufunxa isiselo sejusi kulandele ukuhluza nokucoca. Kwiziselo ze jusi ekungafunekanga zibe nkungu, iindlela (i-centrifugation), kunye nokuhluza zinganceda ukuvelisa isiselo esingekho nkungu.
Kuwo wonke lamahlelo, isiselo sejusi ebesibekwe emoyeni oko kukhuthaza ukujika kombala, kutshabalalise izinongo, ilungisa incasa, nokonakalisa umgangatho we siselo se jusi.
Ukususa umoya we oxygen kwenziwa ngokuthi ugalele isiselo se jusi esishushu emoyeni okanye ukuyixuba ngomoya we nitrogen okanye carbon dioxide.
Isiselo se jusi okanye impuphu iyahlaziywa ze kulungiswe, kwenziwe nemixube. Imveliso ithi ipakishwe, ibhalwe, ihanjiswe, ithengiswe. Oku kufuna okokuba ibenobomi obungapha kwama 24 we yure kudinga ukupholiswa, ukukhenkceziswa, ukongeza koko kwenza ukutya kuhlale ixesha elide. Ubushushu okanye high-pressure processing (HPP) – indlela ebandayo yokucoca enceda ukugcina izinongo nencasa-ingasetyenziswa ukukhusela ukutya xa imveliso sele ipakishiwe.
Ixesha LokugcinaIsiselo se Jusi
Kwisimo sezulu esishushu, isiselo sejusi esimfaxangiweyo kufuneka siselwe phakathi kwe yure 2-24 emveni kokumfaxanga, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesiqhamo kunye nokuvuthwa.
Uhlelo olufana nokubandisa, ukukhenkcezisa, ukungabinanto, ukulungiswa kwejusi kunga libazisa ukonakala kwe jusi ngenxa yokurusa, ukudidiyela, nokonakala (okwenziwa zi microbes, ne enzymatic reactins). Ukutshabalala kwe jusi kwenza ukulahleka kwe vitamini, utshintsho olungafunekiyo kwincasa nakwimbonakalo nokukhula kwe ntsholongwane ezinobungozi.
Ukupakisha Ijusi
Ukupakisha ijusi akuncedi ukugcina imveliso kuphela kodwa kunikeza nolwazi ngemveliso nokwenza umtsalane kubathengi. Yenza lula nokuhambisa imveliso inceda nokwandisa ubomi bemveliso ye jusi.
Kwimbali, iikhonteyina zamanzi zazisenziwa ngezityalo kunye nangemveliso zezilwanyana ezifana neboya, fibre yesityalo, amaselwa, amaqanda enciniba, isikhumba sesilwanyana, okanye amathumbu kunye nembiza zomdongo.
Iindlela ezintsha zokupakisha isiselo se jusi, ngoku ziquka iglasi nembhodlela ezenziwe ngokudibanisa nokuvuthela ibhotile nge PET kunye nenkonxa nebhokisi ze ikhalibhodi ezegqunyiweyo, ixesha elininzi zenziwe ngephepha elihlaziyiweyo. Abanye abavelisi be jusi bangakhetha ukuvelisa ijusi eninzi ngekhonteyina okanye bavumele abathengi baze nezabo ukuze zigcwaliswe.
Okusetyenziswa Ekongeni Ijusi
Iindlela zokonga ijusi ziquka sodium benzoate, sulphur dioxide ne sulphites, citric ne ascorbic acid kunye ne pimaricin.
I-Citric acid yongeza kwiziselo ezininzi ukwenza incasa ibengcono nokongeza ixesha ehlala ngalo. Isetyenziswa kwi jusi ze citrus ukwenza ngcono incasa nokongeza ixesha elihlalayo.
I-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) iyongezwa kwiziselo ze jusi ukongeza uvitamin C othi atshabalalise lula xa kumfaxangwa ijusi. Isetyenziswa njenge antioxidant ukunceda okokuba ingonakali kwangoko, igcine umbala nobu freshi.
Isetyenziswa kwi wayini ne siselo somdiliya omfaxangiweyo ukulawula ifungi nokukhula kwe yisti kwaye ingathabatha indawo ye sulphates ingenzanga monakalo.
Kodwa ke kunjalo, onke lamanyathelo nokongeza zichaphazela ubungakanani bezinongo kwi siselo sejusi esifreshi. Xa kusenzeka, isiselo se jusi masiselwe emveni kokumfaxangwa ukuzuza izinongo.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie