Ku lulamisiwa ka switirhisiwa swa furexe kuhumesa juzi swikatsa swotala kutlula ku kamela juzi eka xibye. Xikongomelo iku engetelela vutomi bya xelufu, ku antswisa nantswo, muhlovo na khwalithi xikanwe na nkoka eka switirhisiwa swa vurimi leswingavaka swinga lulamelangi ku xavisiwa swiri furexe.
Milawu yaku humelerisa juzi yikatsa makhomelo ya kahle endzhaku ka ntshovelo wa switirhisiwa (e.g. mafambiselo, ku hlawula na ku titimeta), nhlayiseko wa swakudya, ndzulamiso na mapakelo, vulawuri bya khwalithi na swin’wana. Mihandzu na matswavu yan’wana swilava magoza yokarhi ya malulamiselo leswinga yaka hi xivumbeko xa muhandzu kumbe leswi wunga endlekisa xiswona. Xikombiso, Aloe ferox yingaka yinga lulamisiwi kufana na mapecisi hikuva n’wamapurasi anga kuma juzi leyi tshapukaka kasi eka mapecisi kungava leyi onge I mukapu. Mihandzu leyingana nhlonge leyinga dyekiki kufana na xihenge lexi lavaka ku vandliwa kusungula loko xipimanyisiwa nati berries letinga tirhisiwaka tite tano.
Maendlelo ya Juzi
Nawu wosungula waku endla juzi ikuva ku fayiwa laha kungana mati ya muhandzu kumbe matsavu, leswingata pfumelela leswaku hinkwaswo leswinga endzeni swikota ku humela ehandle. Michini yaku endla juzi ya hambana kusuka eka leyi khomiwaka hi voko kuya eka leyi yo tiyimela hi yoxe leyi kotaka ku teka ti tonnes totala hi awara.
Kuna ku hambana eka ndlela leyi muhandzu wun’wana na wun’wana wu tirhisiwaka xiswona, mahlamuselelo yo angarhela hilawa laha hansi:
Endzhaku ko kambela naku pakiwa ka mihandzu leyi kumiweke, ya hlantswiwa kutani yi titimetiwa. Hinkarhi lowu, yin’wana mihandzu yinga lava ku vupfisiwa kuya emahlweni loko yin’wana yilava ku nonokisiwa ku vupfa ngopfu leswaku kuta sungula ku endliwa juzi. Kuya hi muxaka wa muhandzu, wa vandliwa, wu susiwa tinyungu, wu kovotliwa loko wungase tsemeleriwa kutani wu siriwa. Swalendzeni swa lulamisiwa hiku tirhisa macerating enzymes ku pfuneta ku fayelela ti cells na fibre yofana na pectin xikan’we na cellulose. Ndzulamiso wa enzymatic wutala kuva wu landzeriwa hiku hisiwa loku ku engetelelaka juzi kuhuma eka ti cells. Kuhisiwa switlhela swi endla leswaku muhandzu wu vevuka, swidlaya ti enzymes naku hunguta vukona byati microbes.
Kutani ku landzela ku pyanyiwa naku humesiwa ka juzi leswi landzeriwaka hiku basisiwa. Eka muxaka wa ti juzi leti tinga lavekeki kuva tiva na magadi kumbe swilavi, maendlelo yo sefa na centrifugation ya endliwa leswaku kuta huma juzi leyi baseke.
Hinkarhi wa maendlelo lawa hinkwawo, juzi yiva yihlangane na moya leswi vangaka ti enzyme, swidlaya swakudya, swi cinca nantswo na kudlaya khwalithi ya juzi. Ku susiwa ka moya swiendliwa hikuva ku cheriwa juzi leyinga kufumetiwa eka vacuum chamber kumbe ku endliwa saturation eka juzi hi nitrogen kumbe carbon dioxide.
Juzi kumbe mukapu wa hleriwa kutani ku lulamisiwa xikan’we naku pfanganyisiwa. Kutani yi cheriwa eka swibye, yi tsariwa laha handle, yi fambisiwa yiya xavisiwa. Leswi swilava leswaku yiva na vutomi bya xelufu byo tlula 24 wa ti awara leswinga lavaka leswaku yi titimetiwa, yi gwitsirisiwa, pasteurisation kumbe ku engeteriwa swin’wana swa nhlayiso. Heat pasteurisation kumbe high-pressure processing (HPP) – maendlelo yo titimeta ya sterilisation lawa ya vonakaka ya tirha kahle eka ku hlayisa swakudya na nantswo - yanga tirhisiwa eka nhlayiseko wa swakudya loko swipakiwile.
Vutomi bya Xelufu ya Juzi
Eka maxelo lawa ya kufumelaka, juzi ya furexe leyi yahaku endliwaka yifanele ku nwiwa kungase hela ti awara ti 2-24 endzhaku ko endliwa, kuya hi muxaka wa muhandzu kumbe ku vupfa.
Swofana na kutitimetiwa, ku gwitsirisiwa, ku pakiwa hi vacuum na pasteurisation ya juzi swinga hlwerisa ku onheka ka juzi hikwalaho ka oxidation, fermentation naku bola (loku vangiwaka hiti microbes nati enzymes). Ku onheka ka juzi swi endla leswaku ku lahleka ti vitamin, ku cinca koka kunga tsakisi eka nantswo naku vangeka ka swinwana leswinga endlaka mavabyi.
Ku Pakiwa ka Juzi
Ku pakiwa ka juzi aswi pfuni tsena ku hlayisa kambe switlhela swi phakela vuxokoxoko hi xinwiwa naku koka rinoko ra vaxavi. Switlhela swiendla leswaku swi olova kuyi fambisa hi xofamba xikanwe naku engetelela vutomi eka xelufu.
Kuya hi matimu, swibye swa swihalaki aswiva swi endliwe kusuka eka ximilani kumbe swiharhi kufana na fibre, ndzeko/jomela, tandza ra yimbho, dzovo ra swifuwo kumbe marhumbu hambi kuri khuwani/mbita.
Swibye swa manguva lawa swi cincile swinene naswona swikatsa nghilazi na mabodlhela ya PET xikan’we na swikotela na mabokisi lawa yanga ndlaleriwa laha ndzeni, lawa hi xitalo yanga endliwa hi paperboard. Vahumelerisi vati juzi tin’wana vanga hlawula ku phakela juzi hi nhlayo leyikulu kumbe ku pfumelela vanhu kuta na swibye swa vona.
Nhlayiso wa Juzi
Swohlayisa leswi cheriwaka eka juzi ya furexe swikatsa sodium benzoate, sulphur dioxide nati sulphites, citric na ascorbic acid xikan’we na pimaricin.
Citric acid i swin’wana leswi ngeteriwaka eka swinwiwa swotala ku antswisa nantswo xikan’we naku engetelela ntshamiseko. Yitlhela yitirhisiwa eka ti juzi ta citrus ku antswisa nantswo naku engetelela vutomi byo tshama eka xelufu.
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) yitala ku cheriwa eka tijuzi ta mihandzu ku pfuxelela vukona bya Vitamin C lebyi talaka ku lahleka loko ku endliwa juzi. Yitala kuva yitirhisiwa kuva yipfuneta eka ku nonokisa maendlelo ya oxidation kutani yi hlayisa muhlovo navu furexe.
Yitirhisiwa eka wayeni na juzi ya madiriva ku lawula ku tumbuluka ka fungi na yeast naswona yiteka vundzhawu bya kuva ku tirhisiwa ti sulphates.
Hambiswiritano, magoza lawa hinkwawo xikan’we naku engeteleriwa ka leswi swi cinca vukona bya swakudya leswinga eka juzi ya furexe. Loko swikoteka kumbe ku endleka, kunwiwa ka juzi loko yahaku endliwa swingava na mbuyelo wa kahle wa swakudya.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni