Ikhephu, Inkungu, kunye Nombethe

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Ikhephu, Inkungu kunye nombethe zindlela ezithile ezi zisa imvula ezithi zongeze kukufuma kwindawo yolimo. Nangona zingeyiyo indlela yokuzisa amanzi kwezolimo, ikhephu, inkungu kunye nombethe zinegalelo ekwenzeni isimo sezulu endaweni enokuthi ilungele isivuno esithile.

Ikhephu eMzantsi Afrika

Xa ikhephu liwela kwindawo ezise mazantsi, hayi ezintabeni kuphela, ikhephu lenzeka kwindawo eziphezulu-ezinyukayo kukonyuka okungu 35°N kunye no 35°S-ezona ndawo zisemazantsi nasemantla zomhlaba.
Ilizwe loMzantsi Afrika likwi ndawo ezishushu ezonyukelelayo ezisesiphakathini-kumantla we 35°S-yiyo lonto inkoliso yelizwe ingalifumani ikhephu. Zintaba eziphezulu kuphela ezifumana rhoqo ikhephu ebusika. Ukuwa kwekhephu kwenzeka kancinci kwaye liyanyibilika ngoku khawuleza emveni kokuba liwile. Ikhephu lenzeka kwilifu istatiform elinzulu, elideki.
Ukunyibilika kwe khephu kwenza amanzi, libenegalelo ekugcwaliseni amadama nokuncedisa ukuphuphumala kwemilambo ehlotyeni kwindawo ezinetha imvula. Xa lithelekiswa nemvula, igalelo lwekhephu lokuzisa amanzi kwezolimo lincinci kakhulu.
Indawo iKoue Bokkeveld ekufuphi ne ceres kwelase Ntshona Koloni yeyona ndawo yolimo inkulu enemithi yeziqhamo enamahlahla afukufuku eziqhamo namazambane, apho ikhephu lithi liwe amaxesha athile enyakeni ebusika kwizityalo nendawo zesivuno.

Inkungu

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Inkungu, ngumcwe obonakalayo wamaqabaza wamanzi emazantsi emhlabeni- maxa wambi ifikelela phantsi. Inkungu ibonakala ehlotyeni kwaye ngesiqhelo emveni kweminide kube kusasa kakhulu, kodwa yenza umphunga inyuke xa amaqondo obushushu esenyuka. Kwindawo ezine ntaba ezonyukayo, ibonakala kwindawo ezise mazantsi.
Inkungu ixhaphake kwindawo ezipholileyo eMzantsi Afrika, ingakumbi ehlotyeni nakwindawo ezisesiphakathini ukonyuka ngaku mazantsi we Mpuma yelizwe. Imihlaba ephakathi ya KwaZulu-Natal indawo zenkungu ezaziwayo, zenza indawo ethile ebalulekileyo kwiphondo. Inkungu yase kuqaleni kwehlobo ibonwe njenge ngxaki kwimveliso yesivuno KwaZulu-Natal, kwindawo ethandwa yinkungu. Iindawo ezithandwa yinkungu azikul ungelanga ukuvelisa amabele ne forage, ngenxa yobungozi bezifo zokungunda ezifana ne rust ne ergot, ezithanda indawo ezifumileyo. Ezizifo zokungunda zivelisa ubumdaka, obunothi buchaphazele iinkomo ezitya amazimba okanye amabele.
Kwelinye icala, imeko ezikwindawo ezithandwa yinkungu kuchazwa okokuba zilungile kwimveliso ye avocado, isivuno esifuna ukufuma okuninzi. Yiyo lonto inkungu kufuneka icingelwe xa ubani ekhetha ukuvelisa isivuno asityale kwindawo yokulima.

Umbethe

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Umbethe ngamanzi angamaqabaza athi enzeke mhlawumbi engceni kusasa kakhulu, kodwa ayenzeka nase mveni kwemini. Oku kudibana kwazamanzi ngokonyuka komophu ze abengama qabaza kuxhomekeke kwisimo sezulu, oku kubizwa indawo yombethe. Xa kukho ubushushu phantsi ze ubushushu bubengaphantsi kwamaqondo ombethe, kwenzeka amachaphaza ombethe. Ukwenzeka kombethe kufuna ubusuku obucacileyo, obungenawo amafu nomoya.
Umbethe wenzeka kwindawo ezininzi eMzantsi Afrika nakwi ndawo ezizolileyo ezifana nakwi west coast epholileyo edibanisa indawo eziphakathi eMzantsi Afrika.
Ukubakho kombethe rhoqo kwenza kwande amathuba ezifo ezinothi zenzakalise isivuno esifana namazambane, soybeans, kunye ne Swiss chard. Umbethe owenzeka kumagqabi ezityalo, wenza kufume, oko kwenze izifo zokungunda.

Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie