Inkunzi yebhokhwe, Savanna, kunye ne Kalahari Red zizo zontathu ezibaluleke kakhulu kwintlobo zebhokhwe ezifuyelwe intengiso ukuze zixhelwe kuveliswe inyama eMzantsi Afrika. Inyama yebhokhwe yaziwa ngokuba yi Chevon xa iyinyama yebhokhwe esele indala, okanye yi cabrito xa isuka kwibhokhwe ese ncinci. Iibhokhwe ezaziwa ngokuba zi Angora zivelisa uboya (mohair) kwaye zichetywa kabini ngonyaka. Uninzi lwabavelisi be mohair bakwele Ntshona Koloni, kwaye uboya bulungiswa buthengiswe eBhayi eyaziwa ngokuba yi Port Elizabeth.
Amafama afuye iibhokhwe zemveli neentlobo zamandulo zazi jongise kwiphondo lase Mpuma Koloni qwaba kodwa ngoku ziyafumaneka kwiphondo lase Limpopo, North West, KwaZulu Natal kunye namanye amaphondo eli loMzantsi Afrika.
Ibhokhwe zemveli ezaziwa ngokuba yi (indigenous veld goat -IVG) azibonwa njengohlobo elinothengiswa lebhokhwe (Ngenxa yomzimba wayo omncinci) kwaye azibonwa njenge bhokhwe zobisi kuba ubisi lwazo alwaneli nkqu nabantwana bazo. Kodwa ke, iibhokhwe zemveli, zifunwa kakhulu ngenjongo yokusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yesintu nenkolo, kunye nemibhiyozo yeenkcubeko zeli lo Mzantsi Afrika kwaye zifumaneka ngamaxabiso aphezulu kumaxesha athile onyaka, apho zithi zixhelwe kweziziyinguma. Izikhumba kunye noboya nazo ziyaveliswa kwi IVG’s.
Iintlobo Zenyama Yebhokhwe zase Mzantsi Afrika
Le bhokhwe idumileyo evelisa inyama yaziwa ngokuba yi ‘Boer’ yinzalelwana yeli lo Mzantsi Afrika. Lixhaphakile kakhulu olu hlobo lwebhokhwe kwaye ivelisa inyama eninzi.
iChevon iphakathi ko 50- 60% ngaphantsi kwizinga lamafutha kune nyama yenkomo kodwa inomlinganiselo we proteni elinganayo. iChevon ikwasezantsi ngamafutha xa ithelekiswa nenyama yenkukhu kwaye ayinayo incasa ‘yenyama’.
Ibhokhwe iTankwa
Isifundo sibonakalise lebhokhwe iluhlobo olwahlukileyo kwibhokhwe zobisi nenyama zeli loMzantsi Afrika kwaye izakusekwa njengohlobo olwaziwa ngokuba yi ‘Landrace breed’ hayi I’Indigenous Veld Goat’ (IVG).
Iibhokhwe Ezaziwa Ngokuba zi ‘Indigenous Veld Goat’ (IVG) zeli loMzantsi Afrika
Uhlobo iNorthern Cape Speckled luhlobo lebhokhwe enkulu emhlophe emzimbeni enamabala abomvu-ntsundu okanye amnyama. Uhlobo ikunene lwase Kaokoland lebhokhwe iphakathi ngobukhulu inemilenze emide ebhityileyo nombala ongagqibekanga obonakala bubini.
Amaqela amafama akhulisa ii-IVG kweli loMzantsi Afrika ayakhula kakhulu kwaye kukho amaqela amatsha asekwayo kwamanye amaphondo. Imini zokunikeza ulwazi nentengiso zixhaphakile kwaye akukhuthazwa ukuzalisana phakathi kwezintlobo zeebhokhwe.
Ukufuya ‘Milch Goat’ eMzantsi Afrika
Isebe lweZolimo, Amahlathi nee Ntlanzi luthabatha uhlobo iSaanen njenge lona hlobo lebhokhwe yobisi ebalaseleyo eMzantsi Afrika, ngenxa yokuba ivelisa umlinganiselo omkhulu wobisi-ngapha kwelitha ezingama 1 200 zobisi kwixesha lenyanga ezilishumi zokuncancisa.
Ezinye iintlobo zebhokhwe zobisi ezisetyenziswa kweli loMzantsi Afrika ziquka iToggenburg (umbala omdaka okanye ontsundu nemibala emhlophe ebusweni), iBritish Alpine (inemibala emnyama nemhlophe), French Alpine, Anglo-Nubian kunye ne Bunte Deutsche Edelziege (BDE).
Ngaphandle kwemveliso zobisi, ubisi lwebhokhwe lsetyenziswa kwimveliso zeziqholo zomzimba nesikhumba.
'i-Fibre Goats’ eMzantsi Afrika
Izifundo ezenziwe yi ‘Cashmere Programme’ ezikhokhelwe ngamaqela athi aqulunqa I’Cashmere Working Group’ eMzantsi Afrika ngonyaka ka 1990 zibonakalise okokuba iibhokhwe zemveli ezifana ne Boer, zinamafele amabini – ifele eliqinileyo okanye elithambileyo okanye uboya be cashmere. Kwimizekeliso evavanyiweyo engapha kwama 4 000, ngapha kwama 80% zifumaneke zino hlobo lwe cashmere. Kodwa ke umgangatho woboya be cashmere ubungekho kwinqanaba lokuthengiswa. Umlinganiselo ophakathi wofele le Boer ne Savannah wabangama 25 gm ibhokhwe nganye ze iibhokhwe zemveli zaphakathi ko 12 gm ibhokhwe nganye.
u-Albie L.Braun kwingxelo yakhe ngesisifundo ufumanise okokuba ubude boboya nobungakanani be cashmere kunga ngcono xa kunothi kufuywe iintlobo zebhokhwe zemveli ezizimazi ezifunyanwa kwamanye amazwe ezivelisa icashmere eninzi. Imveliso ye cashmere ithatha ixesha kwaye iyasebenzisa kwaye ifuna ubuncinci imizuzu engama 20 ukukama ibhokhwe nganye. Kodwa ke inkampani encinci kwelase Mpuma koloni kufuphi ne Gcuwa ivelisa iimveliso ze Cashmere ezikwizinga eliphezulu ngoboya be bhokhwe yemveli iMbuzi.
iMohair iveliswa yibhokhwe i-Angora ingakumbi eMpuma Koloni nase Ntlango (Karoo), nangonga ezingapha kwesiqingatha (50%) zithengiswa kwamanye amazwe. iSouth African Mohair Grower’s Association (SAMGA) iyawaxhasa amafama afuye ibhokhwe i-Angora.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie