Tinxaka ta Timbuti e Afrika Dzonga

©Marinda Louw
Kuya hi vandzawulo ya: Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) kuna ntsena 250 wa vafuwi vati stud e Afrika Dzonga. Timbuti leti tikumeka eka swifundzha hinkwaswo swa tiko ra Afrika Dzonga laha Eastern Cape, Limpopo na KwaZulu-Natal swihumelerisaka kwalomu ka 70% ya timbuti hinkwato laha Afrika Dzonga.
Tinxaka ta Boer goat, Savanna na Kalahari Red hitona leti tekiwaka tani hi timbuti tinharhu leti xavisiwaka hi xikongomelo xa nyama laha Afrika Dzonga. Nyama ya mbuti yitala kuvuriwa chevon loko yihuma eka mbuti leyikulu naswona cabrito loko yisuka eka ximbutani. Timbuti ta Angora tihumesa mohair naswona ti tsemetiwa kambirhi hi lembe. Vahumelerisi votala va mohair votala vakumeka e Eastern Cape naswona ti fleeces tihumelerisiwa naku xavisiwa e Port Elizabeth.
Vafuwi va timbuti ta xikaya nava humelerisi khale a va tele ngopfu exifundzheni xa Eastern Cape kambe sweswi se vakumeka hi xitalo nale Limpopo, North West, KwaZulu-Natal xikan’we nale ka swifundzha swinwana swa Afrika Dzonga. Muxaka wa indigenous veld goat (IVG) awu tekiwi wuri muxaka wa nyama yo xavisiwa ya mbuti hikokwalaho ka ntsumbu wayona lowunga wuntsongo swinene kumbe ku tekiwa yiri ya masi hikuva ayi humelerisi masi yovonaka kambe yoringanela ku phamela ximbutani. Timbuti ta xikaya, hambiswiritano, tilaveka ngopfu kuva titirhisiwa eka mintirho ya xintu na yin’wana ya vukhongeri naku tlangela laha Afrika Dzonga naswona tina minxavo yale henhla eka minkarhi yin’wana ya lembe laha kuvaka na mintirho yo tlangela. Dzovo na cashmere swinga kumeka kusuka eka timbuti tati IVG’s.

Tinxaka ta Timbuti ta Nyama e Afrika Dzonga

©Marinda Louw
Tinxaka tofana nati Boer goat, Savannah na Kalahari Red titiveka emisaveni hinkwayo naswona tilaveriwa swihlawulekisi swatona kufana naku kondzelela, kutiya, kuva vatswari va kahle, nyama yayona naku tswala ngopfu. Mbuti ya ndhuma ya muxaka wa ‘Boer’ yitumbuluke laha Afrika Dzonga. Yina ndhuma naku humelerisa ngopfu nyama. Chevon yikwalomu ka 50 - 60% ehansi hi mafurha kambe yiva na nhlayo yati protein. Chevon nayona yile hansi hi mafurha kutlula nyama ya huku kambe ayina nantswo wa ‘gamey’.

Mbuti ya Tankwa

©Thinus Jonker
Mbuti ya Tankwa goat, i mbuti ya nhova leyi kumekaka e ntangeni wa Tankwa Karoo National Park leyi sweswi yinga eka ntirho waku tsarisiwa tani hi muxaka wuntshwa eka Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2018). Vulavisisi byi komba leswaku mbuti leyi yiwela eka xiyenge xo hamabana eka mbuti ya nyama kumbe masi e Afrika Dzonga naswona yita tisiwa tani hi landrace naswona ayinga weli eka ti 'Indigenous Veld Goat' (IVG).

Muxaka wa Indigenous Veld Goat (IVG) e Afrika Dzonga

©Marinda Louw
Tinxaka ta mune ta timbuti leti kumekaka eka ntlawa wa IVG e Afrika Dzonga. Muxaka wa ecotype hi lowu kalaka swinene eka timbuti (leswi fanaka nale ka timbyana).
Muxaka wa Nguni (Mbuzi) hiwona lowuntsongo swinene eka leti ta mune naswona yina muhlovo wa xi Swiss.
Muxaka wa Eastern Cape Xhosa lob-ear hiyona leyikulu naku nyuhela leyingana tindleve letikulu leto petseka.
Muxaka wa Northern Cape Speckled nayona yikulu yiva na miri wobasa laha yingana swicoticoti swotshuka kumbe swantima.
TMuxaka wa mbuti ya Kunene ya Kaokoland yina miri wale xikarhi yiva na milenge yolala yoleha kutani yiva na mihlovo yimbirhi.
Tinxaka ta IVG e Afrika Dzonga tile ku taleni swinene laha kungana mintlawa yintshwa eka swifundzha swohambana hambana. Vuxokoxoko bya masiku nati auctions swina ndhuma naswona kukatsiwa ka tinxaka exikarhi ka ti eco-types aswi hlohleteriwi.

Kufuwa Mbuti ya Milch e Afrika Dzonga

©Marinda Louw
Ku fuwa timbuti ta Milch (timbuti ta masi) swileku kuleni swinene. Hambiswiritano, kuya hiku humelela swinene ka allergy ya masi ya homu, kuna nkarhi wotala swinene waku fuwiwa ka timbuti ta bindzu kuva ritlakuka e Afrika Dzonga. Kuriku, mhaka yaku tirhisa masi ya timbuti hinhlayo leyintsongo hi van’wamapurasi laha Afrika Dzonga aswise tala swinene naswona mfumo wa swihlohletela swinene, hambi leswi vativi va dyondzisaka eka tidyondzo ta 5 wa malembe.
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries yitekela enhlokweni muxaka wa Saanen tani hi mbuti yikulu ya masi (milch) e Afrika Dzonga hikokwalaho ka vuhumelerisi byikulu – kutlula 1 200 litres ta masi eka nkarhi wa 10-wa tinhweti taku humesa masi. Tin’wana timbuti leti humesaka masi (milch) leti tirhisiwaka e Afrika Dzonga tikatsa Toggenburg (mpunwa kumbe buraweni na milayeni yobasa exikandzeni), British Alpine (yantima na mavala yobasa), French Alpine, Anglo-Nubian na muxaka wa Bunte Deutsche Edelziege (BDE). E handle ka swiendliwa swa masi, mbuti ya masi yitirhisiwa eka switolwa swa miri na swa nhlonge.

Timbuti ta Fibre e Afrika Dzonga

©Marinda Louw
Tinyimpfu ti humesa wool, kambe timbuti tihumesa fibre - cashmere na mohair. Cashmere - i muxaka wa fibre, kungari muxaka wa xifuwo – yikamiwa kusuka eka dzovo ra mbuti naswona yina ndhuma yaku kufumela, yi vevuka xikan’we naku tiyela. Gorno Altai nati Saffer i timbuti timbirhi leti tekeriwaka enhlokweni eka vuhumelerisi bya cashmere kasi mbuti ya Angora yi humelerisa. Timbuti ta Angora titsemetiwa kambirhi hi lembe (Angora ayi dzudzeki voya) kasi cashmere yikumeka loko timbuti ti dzudzeka voya hi ximunwani.
Vulavisisi lebyinga endliwa hi ‘Cashmere Programme’ hiku lawuriwa hi mintlawa yin’wana leyi vumbaka ‘Cashmere Working Group’ e Afrika Dzonga hiva 1990’s byi komba leswaku timbuti ta xikaya tofana na Boer goat, tina voya byimbirhi - lebyo tiyela bya nhlayiso, na lebyo vevuka kumbe bya muxaka wa cashmere kuri fibre. Eka swikambelo swa kutlula 4 000 wa ti sample ta fleece, kutlula 80% tikumeke tiri na cashmere eka tona. Kambe quantity ya cashmere fibre ayingari eka xiyimo lexi axi pfumeleriwa ku xavisiwa. Nhlayo yale xikarhi ya ntiko wa fibre ya timbuti ta Boer na Savannah ayiri eka 25 gm hi mbuti naswona timbuti ta xikaya ati vekiwe eka 12 gm hi mbutit.
Eka xiviko xa vulavisisi, Albie L. Braun u kume leswaku kuleha ka fibre na mbuyelo wa cashmere swinga antswisiwa hiku fuwa timbuti ta xikaya ta xisati xikan’we na taxinina letingana mbuyelo wale henhla wa cashmere. Vuhumelerisi bya cashmere i nkarhi na ntirho nakwalomu ka 20 minutes yaku kama mbuti. Hambiswiritano, khamphani yintsongo exifundzheni xa Eastern Cape kusuhi nale Butterworth yi humelerisa khwalithi yale henhla swinene ya switirhisiwa swa cashmere kusuka eka fibre ya timbuti ta xikaya ta Mbuzi.
Mohair yi humelerisiwa hi mbuti ya Angora ngopfu ngopfu e Eastern Cape nale Karoo, laha kutlula 50% yi yisiwaka ematikweni mambe. Va South African Mohair Growers’ Association (SAMGA) vaseketela vafuwi va timbuti ta Angora.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni