Ifuyo Yembuzi eSewula Afrika

©Marinda Louw
Ngokuya ngokomnyango we-Department: Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF kunemihlobo eyi-250 ye-stud breeders eSewula Africa. Iimbuzi ezitholakala eenfundeni zoke zeSewula Africa, lapha iinfunda ze-Eastern Cape, Limpopo kanye naKwaZulu-Natal zikhiqiza i-70% yeembuzi zoke zeSewula Africa.
Imbuzi zomhlobo we-boar goat kanye neze-Kalahari Red zibonwa njengembuzi ezintathu eziqakathekileko ezithengeswa ngehloso yokwenza inzuzo nanyana zithengiswa ngehloso yokukhiqiza inyama eSewula Africa. Inyama yembuzi ivamise ukubizwa bona yi-chevon nayihlatjwe iyidala, ibizwe ngebizo le-cabrito lokha itjatjwe iyincani.
Imbuzi zomhlobo we-Angora zikhiqiza i-mohair begodu zigudwa kabili ngonyaka. Abakhiqizi abanengi be-mohair batholwa esifundeni se-Eastern Cape uboya bulungiswa buthengiswe e-Port Elizabeth.
Abafuyi bembuzi zendabuko kade gade bazele esifundeni se-Eastern Cape kwaphela kodwana kwanjesi sele batholakala nesifundeni sangeLimpopo, North West, KwaZulu-Natal neemfundeni ezinye zeSewula Africa.
Imbuzi zendabuko zehlathini/ama-indigenous veld goat (IVG) azibonwa njengembuzi ezingafuywa ngomncopho wokurhweba ngazo, ngomncopho wokuzithengisela inyama (ngombana zinomzimba omncani) nanyana zibonwe njengembuzi ezingafuywa ngehloso yokobana kuzakuthengiswa ibisi lazo ngombana azikhiqizi ibisi elaneleko ukubana lingajamelana neentlhogeko zamaputwana wazo. Nanyana kunjalo iimbuzi zendabuko zifunwa khulu ngombana zisetjenziselwa ekwenzeni iminyanya yamasiko nanyana yekolo kanye nemigidingo emasikweni weSewula Africa begodu kuneskhathi sonyaka lapha zibiza khulu nekukulapha kwenziwa khona khulu iminyanya le.
Iinkhumba kanye ne-cashmere yazo nazo zikhiqizwa ngembuzi zendabukwezi/indigenous veld goat (IVG).

Iimbuzi Zenyama zeSewula Africa

©Marinda Louw
Ifuyo efana neyembuzi ze-Boer goat, Savannah kanye ne-Kalahari Red yaziwa iphasi loke begodu ifunwa khulu ngombana inerhono lokujwayela enye nenye indawo efuywe kiyo msinya, inomkhiqizo omuhle wenyama begodu iyabeletha.
Imbuzi ekhiqiza inyama yomhlobo we-‘Boer’ ivela eSewula Africa. Ithandwa khulu begodu ikhiqiza inyama enengi.
Inyama yayo inezinga eliphasi lamafutha angaba phasi nge-50-60% kuneyenyama yekomo kodwana inezinga elilinganako lamaprotheyini. I-chevon nanyana inyama yembuzi le inezinga eliphasi lamafutha kunenyama yekuku, kodwana ayinambitheki njengenyama yenlwane zehlathini okufana nenyama yembuzi yomhlobo we-venison.

Imbuzi Zomhlobo we-Tankwa

©Thinus Jonker
Imbuzi yomhlobo we-Tankwa otholakala e-Tankwa Karoo National Park utloliswa njengefuyo etja emnyangweni wezokulima-Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2018).
Irhubhululo litjengisa bona imbuzi le imhlobo ohlukileko kunembuzi ezikhiqiza ibisi kanye nalezo ezikhiqiza inyama eSewula Africa begodu zizokutloliswa njengembuzi ezinomzimba ohlangana nendawo ukuya komkhulu kungasi njengembuzi zomhlobo wembuzi zendabuko/-'Indigenous Veld Goat' (IVG).

Imbuzi Zendabuko Nanyana i-Indigenous Veld Goat ze-Sewula Africa

©Marinda Louw
Kunemihlobo emine yeembuzi etholakala ngaphasi kwe-IVG eSewula Africa. I-ecotype mhlobo ohlukileko ngefuzo nobuhlanga hlangana nomhlobo (ofana newembuzi).
Umhlobo wembuzi we-Nguni (Mbuzi) ngencani khulu kizo zozine begodu ivamise ukutjengisa imerego ye-Swiss markings okumbala onzima nomhlophe emzimbenayo.
Umhlobo wembuzi we-Eastern Cape Xhosa eneendlebe ezilengako yimbuzi ekulu eneendlebe ezilengako.
Imbuzi zomhlobo we-Northern Cape Speckled yimbuzi ekulu enomzimba omhlophe onamatjhatjhazi abomvu, anzotho nanyana anzima.
Imbuzi yomhlobo we-Kunene-nanyana Kaokoland yimbuzi ehlangana nendawo ngobukhulu eneenyawo ezide ezimatsikani begodu iyimbuzi enemibala emibili.

Ukufuya Iimbuzi Zebisi/-Milch Goat eSewula Africa

©Marinda Louw
Ukufuya iimbuzi zebisi ezibizwa-milch sele kuthandwa khulu. Nanyana kunjalo ngombana, kunezenzoko zokobana abantu babe ne-aleji yebisi lekomo.Kunerhonakalo lokobana irhwebo lokufuya iimbuzi zebisi eSewula Africa likhule. Urhulumende akakabi ukugcugcuzela abantu bona basebenzise ibisi lembuzi, elibuya ebalimini ebasakhulako nangamva kokobana abosiyazi balethe iimfundo ngalo iminyaka emihlanu.
Umnyango wezokulima-Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries ubona ifuyo yomhlobo we-Saanen njengembuzi ekhiqiza ibisi elinengi eSewula Africa –ikhiqiza ibisi elingaba hlangana kwamalitha ayi-1 200 ngeenyanga eziyi-10 emunyisa ngazo.
Hlangana kwenye ifuyo ekhiqiza ibisi esetjenziswa eSewula Africa kubalwa i-Toggenburg (enombala osamlotha nanyana onzotho onemida emhlophe ebusweni) i-British Alpine(enombala onzima onamatjhatjhazi amhlophe) French Alpine, Anglo-Nubian kanye ne-Angora goat.
Ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yebisi, ibisi lembuzi lisetjenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo yokuzela umzimba kanye ne-Bunte Deutsche Edelziege (BDE).

Imbuzi Zemithiya zeSewula Africa

©Marinda Louw
Izimvu zikhiqiza iwula, kodwana iimbuzi zikhiqiza imithiya, i-cashmere kanye ne-mohair umhlobo womthiya, kungasiyifuyo –ihlanganiswa noboya obungaphasi kwesikhumba sembuzi begodu ibiza khulu ngombana iyafuthumeza, ithambile begodu iqinile. I-Gorno Altai kanye ne-Saffer mhlobo emibili yeembuzi ezinerhono lokukhiqiza i-cashmere lokha imbuzi yomhlobo we-Angora ikhiqiza i-mohair. Imbuzi zomhlobo we-Angora zigudwa kabili ngonyaka (iimbuzi azizisukeli uboya ) lokha i-cashmere ingabuthelelwa lokha imbuzi nazigudwako ngetwasahlobo.
Irhubhululo litjengisa bona iprogramu ye-cashmere irholwa zincema ezahlukahlukeneko ezatlama ihlangano ye-Cashmere Working Group’ eSewula Africa ngeminyaka yabo-1990 eyatjengisa bona imbuzi zendabuko ezifana ne-Boer goat, zineenkhumba ezimbili-esiqinileko kanye nesifeyini esimhlobo we-cashmere nanyana umthiya. Kutholwe amasampula woboya adlula-4 000 agade ahlolwa bona i-80% yawo imumethe i-cashmere.
Kodwana ubunengi bomthiya we-cashmere bebungasiselevelini agade itlhogeka nakurhwetjwako. Ubudisi bomthiya we--Boer goat kanye newe-Savannah bekuyi-25gm qobe mbuzi kanye neembuzi zomhlobo wendabuko ebe iyi-12 gm qobe mbuzi.
Erhubhululweneli u-Albie L. Braun wathola bona ubude bomthiya kanye nomkhiqizo we-cashmere kungenziwa ncono ngokobana imbuzi zendabuko ezisikazi zalapha zihlanganiswe neempongo ezingeniswe enarheni le zisuka kwezinye iinarha.
Ukukhiqiza i-cashmere kuyabiza, kudla iskhathi begodu kutlhoga abasebenzi abanengi, begodu ukukama imbuzi yinye kudla imizuzu eyi-20. Nanyana kunjalo ibubulo elincani ekisesifundeni se-Eastern Cape eduze kweBhofolo likhiqiza i-cashmere yekhwalithi ephezulu ngokusebenzisa imithiya yembuzi yomhlobo we-Mbuzi ekuyimbuzi yendabuko.
I-mohair ikhiqizwa yi-Angora goat esifundeni se-Eastern Cape kanye ne-Karoo lapha enengi yayo i-50% ithunyelwa eenarheni ezingaphandle.Ihlangano ye-South African Mohair Growers’ Association (SAMGA) isekela abafuyi bembuzi ze-Angora.

Translated by Lizzy Shongwe