Tshaka dza dzi Mbudzi kha ḽa Afrika Tshipembe

©Marinda Louw
Uya nga vha muvhuso: Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) huna tshaka dza 250 Afrika tshipembe. Mbudzi dzi ya wanala kha mavunḓu oṱhe a Afrika Tshipembe hune Eastern Cape, Limpopo na KwaZulu-Natal hu bveledzwa dzine dza swika 70% ya mbudzi dzoṱhe Afrika tshipembe.
Mbudzi ya Boer, savanna na kalahari Red ndi dzone dzine dza dzhiiwa sa dzone tharu kha zwa u fuwela mbuyelo, na ṋama ya mbudzi Afrika tshipembe, ṋama ya mbudzi kanzhi i vhidziwa upfi chevon i tshi khou bva kha mbudzi khulwane na cabrito musi i tshi khou bva kha ṱhukhu.
Mbudzi dza Angora dzi bveledza mavhudzi nahone dzi gerwa luvhili nga nwaha. Vhunzhi ha vhabveledzi vha Eastern Cape zwithu zwavho vha ya zwi bveledza vha rengisa Port Elizabeth.
Vhunzhi ha vho rabulasi vha mbudzi dza mvelo vho vha vha tshi wanala kha ḽa Eastern Cape province fhedzi zwa zwino vha ya wanala na Limpopo, North West, KwaZulu-Natal na kha manwe mavunḓu a Afrika tshipembe South Africa.
Dza indigenous veld goat (IVG) dzi nga dzhiiwa sa dza mbuyelo ngauri dzi na mutumbu muṱuku kana dza dzhiwa sa dza mafhi ngauri dzi ya kona u bveledza mafhi manzhi kha vhana vha dzo. Mbudzi dza mvelo kanzhi dzi ya rengiswa nga murahu dzi tshi khou ya u shuma kha zwithu zwa mvelo kana zwa lutendo kana u u pembela kha zwa sialala, nahone dzi ya vha dzi tshi khou ḓura vhukuma musi hu tshi vha huna mishumo minzhi. Lukanda na cashmere zwi nga bveledzwa ubva kha IVG’s.

Tshaka dza Mbudzi dza Nama Afrika Tshipembe

©Marinda Louw
Tshaka dzine dza nga mbudzi dza Boer, Savannah na Kalahari Red ndi dzone dzine dza ḓivhiwa vhukuma na u rengeswa nga mulandu wa uri dzi ya kona u ḓowela, dzo khwaṱha, na zwipfi na u bveledza ṋama.
Ṋama ine ya ḓivhea ya 'Boer' ine vhubvo hayo ndi Afrika tshipembe. Iya ḓivhea nga u bveledza ṋama vhukuma.
Ṋama ya mbudzi i vha i vhukati ha 50 - 60% a i khwathisi u fana na ya kholomo fhedzi dzina protein ine ya fana. I dovha ya vha fhasi kha u khwaṱhisa u fhira ya khuhu a ina muthetshelo wa 'gamey' wa venison.

Mbudzi dza Tankwa

©Thinus Jonker
Mbudzi dza Tankwa dzi wanala Tankwa Karoo National Park dzi khou lugiselwa uri dzi ḓo nwaliswa sa lushaka luswa nga vha Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2018).
Dzi ngudo dzi sumbedza uri hei mbudzi yo khethea ubva kha cluster ya tshaka dza mbudzi kha ḽa Afrika tshipembe nahone ino ḓivhiwa sa tshaka ya landrace hu si sa 'Indigenous Veld Goat' (IVG).

Indigenous Veld Goat Breeds (IVG) dza Afrika Tshipembe

©Marinda Louw
Huna tshaka nṋa dzine dza vha hone kha IVG classification Afrika Tshipembe. Hei ndi mbambe ya dzi gene dzine dza vha kha lushaka luthihi u fana na mmbwa.
Tshaka dza Nguni ndi dzone ṱhukhusa kha nṋa na hone dzi dzulela u sumbedza tswayo dza u ṱalusa.
Dza Eastern Cape Xhosa dza nḓevhe dzo vuleaho ndi mbudzi khulwane yo imaho na nḓevhe khulwane.
Dza Northern Cape Speckled ndi mbudzi khulwane ya vha na muvhili mutshena na mavhala matsuku kana a buraweni.
Dza Kunene-type Kaokoland ndi mbudzi dzine dza vha uri dzo linganela na milenzhe misekene na mivhala mivhili.
Dza IVG Afrika Tshipembe dzi ya hula nga maanḓa hune ha vha na dzinwe dzine dza dzula dzi tshi khou tumbulwa tshifhinga tshoṱhe, maḓuvha a u ṱoḓa nḓivho na a auction aya ḓivhea vhukuma na u ṱanganisa mbebo vhukati ha eco type zwi ya sasaladziwa.

Milch Mbudzi dza u Fuwa kha ḽa Afrika Tshipembe

©Marinda Louw
Milch zwa u fuwa mbudzi (mbudzi dza mafhi) zwi khou hula vhukuma. Naho zwo ralo u ḓala ha mbudzi dza mafhi. Hu ya vha na zwikhala zwa u ita vhubindudzi nga mbudzi dza mafhi dzi hula kha ḽa Afrika Tshipembe. Naho zwo ralo zwa u bveledza haya mafhi azwi tou ṱuṱuwedziwa ngauralo nga vha muvhuso naho huna uri zwina minwaha yo no swika miṱanu zwi hone.
Vha Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries vha amba uri lushaka lwa Saanen ndi dzone khulwane kha u bveledza mafhi Afrika Tshipembe ngauri dzi bvisa mafhi ane avha uri ndi manzhi-zwine zwa swika 1 200 litres dza mafhi nga minwedzi ya 10.
Dzinwe mbudzi milch dzine dza shuma Afrika Tshipembe ho katelwa Toggenburg (ya gireyi kana buraweni ine ya vha na mavhala matshena khofheni), British Alpine (ine ya vha na mavhala matshena na matsu), French Alpine, Anglo-Nubian na Bunte Deutsche Edelziege (BDE).
Nga nnḓa ha u bveledza mafhi, mbudzi dza mafhi dzi ya shumiswa na kha ṋama na lukanda lwayo.

Mbudzi dza Fibre Afrika Tshipembe

©Marinda Louw
Nngu dzi bveledza uḽu,mbudzi dzi bveledza fibre-cashmere na mohair. Cashmere-lushaka lwa fibre, hu lushaka lwa zwifuwo-I ya gamiwa ubva kha mukumba wayo na u khoḓiwa vhukuma kha u dudela, u vha thethe na u lapfa. Dza Gorno Altai na Saffer ndi dzone dzine dza tou ḓivhea vhukuma kha u bveledza cashmere ngeno Angora i tshi bveledza mohair. Mbudzi dza Angora dzi vheulwa luvhili nga nwaha ngeno dzi cashmere dzi tshi nga hwaliwa musi mbudzi i tshi moult Luṱabvula.
Dzi ngudo dzi sumbedza uri ‘Cashmere Programme’ yo lavheleswa nga zwigwada zwo fhambananaho zwe zwa ḓo sika ‘Cashmere Working Group’ Afrika tshipembe nga 1990 sumbedza uri dzi mbudzi dza mvelo sa Boer, dzi na mikumba mivhili - mukumba wa ulavhelesa mavhudzi, na mutete wa lushaka lwa fibre ya cashmere. Ho no dzhiiwa zwithu zwine zwa ya zwi tshi ṱoliwa zwine zwa swika 4 000 zwine zwa swika 80% zwo wanala zwi tshi fara tshaka ya cashmere.
Fhedzi u khwaṱha ha fibre ya cashmere zwi vha zwi si nga nḓila ine zwa nga ṱanganedziwa. Fibre yo linganelaho tshikalo tsha Boer na Savannah ho vha hu 2gm na mbudzi dza mvelo dzo vha dzi 12gm nga mbudzi.
Uya nga ha dzi mvelelo kha zwe zwa gudiwa nga, Albie L. Braun dzi sumbedza uri u lapfa na u ḓala ha cashmere zwi nga khwiniswa nga mbudzi dza mvelo dzine dza bveledza cashmere ine ya tou vha khulwane vhukuma.
U bveledza cashmere ndi tshifhinga na mushumo muhulwane vhukuma zwine zwa ṱoḓa zwine zwa lingana mithethe ya 20 u gama mbudzi. Naho zwo ralo huna company ṱhukhu Eastern cape tsini na Butterworth i bveledza cashmere ya maimo a nṱha ubva kha dzi fibre dza mbudzi dza mvelo.
Mohair i bveledzwa nga mbudzi dza Angora dzo ḓala kha ḽa Eastern cape na Karoo, hune hu ya ṱuwiswa ine ya swika 50%. Ya vhaṱavhi vha Afrika tshipembe SAMGA vha tikedza mbudzi ya Angora.

Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe