Iinkqubo Zokondla Iibhokwe Zobisi

© Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension

Phambi kokuba uthenge iibhokwe zobisi ukuze uqale ifama yazo, kubalulekile ukuhlela inkqubo yokuzondla. Iibhokwe zobisi zingagcinwa phantsi kwenkqubo yesondlo esibizwa nge extensive feeding programme nesiquka ukutyisa iibhokwe emadlelweni aluhlaza endalo okanye zizikhangelele ukutya okanye uzondle ngenkqubo ebizwa nge intensive. Usenokuzigcina kwindawo eyindlu evalelekileyo.

Inkqubo Zesondlo Eziyi Extensive

Ngokwendalo iibhokwe zizilwanyana ezitya emadlelweni kwaye ziyakwazi ukuzikhangelela ukutya. Ngenxa yoku ke, zingasebenzisa ingca kunye namagqabi amahlahla. Kwinkqubo eyi extensive, inani kunye nomgangatho wokutya/ ingca yendalo kuchaphazela ubungakanani bobisi. Umlinganiselo wobisi lweebhokwe ezitya emadlelweni uvamise ukuba sezantsi kwaye nexesha lokuncancisa nokwehlisa liba lifutshane.
Kwiingingqi ezihlala abantu beliqela, iibhokwe zihlala phandle emini ukuze ziyokuzikhangelela amagqabi asemahlahleni kunye neentsalela zezityalo. Ebusuku zingafakwa ebuhlanti nalapho zinganikwa ukutya okufana nengca eyomileyo (hay) kunye neminye imixube.

Iibhokwe Ezikwi Nkqubo Yesondlo Eyi Intensive

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Kwimo ezi intensive, iibhokwe zobisi zingagcinwa kumadlelo atyaliweyo okanye kwindawo eyindlu evalekileyo okanye kwiinkampu ezivulekileyo. Amadlelo atyaliweyo adinga ukunkcenkceshelwa njengoko imvula inganethi ngokwaneleyo eMzantsi Afrika, kwaye ayanelanga ukuqinisekisa ukuba amadlelo ahlala eluhlaza unyaka wonke. Xa usebenzisa iinkampu ezivulekileyo, iibhokwe kufuneka zikhuseleke kubushushu kunye nemvula.
Iindawo zokutyela kufuneka zithi gabalala zingaxinani (0.3 - 0.5 m kwibhokwe nganye) ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iibhokwe ziyakwazi ukufikelela ekutyeni. Ukunciphisa iindleko zokondla kungasetyenziswa ukutya okuveliswe ezifama.

Imixube Enceda Iibhokwe Zehlise KweeBhokwe

Kusetyenziswa nemixube ukuncedisana nokutya okuluhlaza kweebhokwe nokwenza iibhokwe zehlisa. Amandla kunye neproteni ekule mixube ixhomekeka kumgangatho wokutya kunye nendlela iibhokwe ezehlisa ngayo ubisi, kwinqanaba lokuncancisa kunye nobudala beebhokwe. Iimfuno zamandla kunye neproteni zivamise ukuba phezulu xa ibhokwe isandula kuqala ukuncancisa ibe isehlisa kakhulu. Ezimfuno ziyehla ke xa sele kuphela ixesha lokuncancisa.
Imixube ethengiswa kwiinkampani ezithengisa ukutya kwezilwanyana ivamise ukuxabisa imali eninzi. Umlinganiselo onokutyiswa iibhokwe uxhomekeka ekwehliseni kweebhokwe. Ukondla iibhokwe ngezibalo eziphezulu zalomxube kungaba yinkcitho kwaye kungakhokelela ekutshukuleni kwezisu. Usenokuzidibanisela ngokwakho lomxube ngendlela yakho (umbona,iproteni, kunye neminerali). Kubalulekile ukuba ingcali ngezesondlo ikwenzele lomxube. Kumafama asakhasayo ebhokwe zobisi, kubalula ukuthenga lomxube sele wenziwe kunokuba azixubele ngokwawo.

Umjikelo Wobisi Kwiibhokwe

Ukuveliswa kobisi kuqala emva kokuzalwa kwe takane. Kuye kuxhomekeke kwindlela etya ngayo ibhokwe okanye ukuba yeyiphi indidi, ixesha lokwehlisa/lokuncancisa lingaba ziintsuku ezingama 240 ukuya kwezingama 300. Iibhokwe zase Mzantsi Afrika ezizikhangelelayo ukutya zisenokuba nomjikelo omfutshane wokwehlisa/wokuncancisa (iintsuku ezingama 150 - 180), oku kuvamise ukubangelwa yindlela eyenziwe ngayo ibhokwe okanye ukungondleki ngokwaneleyo.
Ukutya okusemgangathweni okufana ne lucerne hay (ezele zii proteni) kufuneka kutyiswe iibhokwe ezincancisayo. Kufuneka zitye ubuncinane obungama 40 - 60% yonke imihla. Umlinganiselo wemixube uxhomekeka kwindlela eyehlisa ngayo ibhokwe. Ibhokwe eyehlisa iilita ezi 4 - 5 ngosuku zidinga ubuncinane be 3 - 4 kg yokutya. Kwesi sibalo ama 40 - 60% ingabangumcube omi ngoluhlobo.1.2 ukuya kuma 1.6 kg ukuya kuma 1.6 ukuya kuma 2.4 kg kwibhokwe nganye ngosuku. Iibhokwe zobisi ezivelisa ubisi oluncinci zingancanciswa icuntswana lemixube.

Ukondla Iibhokwe Ezingehlisiyo

Iibhokwe ezingehlisiyo okanye ezingancancisiyo zidinga ukutya okusemgangathweni okomileyo kuphela. Oku ke isenokuba yingca eyi lucerne okanye i-oat hay. Xa iibhokwe zibhitye kakhulu kwinyanga yokugqibela yokumitha, kufanele kongezwe intwana yomxube ekutyeni kwazo umz. Malunga ne 0.5 kg/ngosuku. Kungcono ke ukuba usebenzele ukuba iibhokwe zibuyela esiqwini esisempilweni kwisiqingatha sesibini sokuncancisa, kunokuba uzame oku xa sele ibhokwe iyekile ikuncancisa.
Ukuba akukho mandla oneleyo ekutyeni xa ibhokwe sele izakuzala, amanqatha abekelwe ecaleni ngumzimba aza kusebenza. Xa iphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu ngenxa yokumitha amatakane amabini ukwenyuka, isibindi sisenokungakwazi ukumelana noko; ze ibhokwe ibenesigulo esaziwa njenge ketosis (“pregnancy toxaemia”). Esi sigulo sidinga ukunyangwa ngokukhawuleza.
Nceda Uqaphele: Injongo yale nkcukacha kukufundisa nokunika ulwazi kuphela. Kwaye ayinakusetyenziswa njenge ngcebiso yokutya okanye yesondlo. Ukuba ufuna iinkukacha ezithe vetshe mayelana nokondla izilwanyana zakho qhagamshelana nengcali yezilwanyana, ugqirha wezilwanyana okanye umthengisi wokutya kwezilwanyana.

Translated by Zizipho Silwana