U Linga Madi u tshi khou Itela u Fuwa Khovhe

© Marinda Louw
Vhundeme ha madi kha damu na tshiko tsha madi musi u tshi khou toda u fuwa khovhe zwi fanela u lingiwa. Tshifhinga tshothe u fanela u dzhia madi matuku aya u toliwa na kha damu.
Kha madi ane avha uri ndi anntha: u fanela u linga madi u tshi khou itela muya, pH, nitrogen yo fhelelaho, ammonia na phosphorus.
Kha madi ane avha o dzhiwa anntha ha damu: u fanela u tola muya, pH na ammonia.

Ndila dza u Kona u tola Madi kha Damu

Tshifhinga tsha vhudi tsha uya u tola madi Western Cape ndi Lara uya kha Phando vha ralo vho Henk Stander vha Aquaculture: Department of Animal Sciences at Stellenbosch University.

U fanela u dzhia madi ane avha tsini na nntha nntha ubva hafho (utsa 1 - 2 m) na nntha ha damu. Kha damu line a vha uri lo tsesa, u fanela u dzhia na madi a vhukati- kati na a nntha nntha.
U nga dzhia manwe madi hafhu uri ayo toliwa arali tshelede i tshi khou tenda; hu tou ya u toliwa tshothe dzi laborary zwine zwi nga dura u swika kha 1500 na 2 000 (nga 2019). Zwine zwa vha zwo dzhiwa zwi tshi lingana 350 ml zwi ya vha zwo lingana. Wa zwi vhea kha zwikwatudzi lwa maduvha mararu wa kona u sedza, vha ralo vho Stander.

U zwi Divha hani uri Madi o Lugela zwa u Fuwa Khovhe?

©Brian Ginn, North American Lake Management Society (NALMS)
Musi madi atshi khou toliwa hu vha hu tshi khou sedziwa zwithu zwinzhi zwo fhambanaho hu ya vha hu tshi khou toliwa na zwithu zwinezwa vha zwihulwane zwi re kha madi. Madi ane avha uri ndi avhudi nga murahu ha musi u saathu thoma zwa u fuwa khovhe ndi zwi tevhelaho:
Oxygen:
Ine ya vha yo tendelwa u vha madini: 7 to 12 mg/L.
Ya vha yo dalesa zwi ya ita uri hu vhe na u dala vhukuma ha phytoplankton ha vho sokou vha na u engedziwa ha khombo ya u dalesa ha muya, zwine zwi ya sia phytoplankton i tshi fa.

pH:
Ya madini a nntha i fanela uvha fhasi ha 8 na vhukati ha 5 na 8. Phambano vhukati ha ya madini a vhukati na anntha i fanela u vha fhasi ha 1.5.

Ammonia:
Tshikalo tsha yo tshi fanela uvha 1 mg/L.
TP:
Phosphorus yo fhelelaho i fanela uvha (TP) ya madi a vhukati a i faneli u fhira 50 μg/L (0.05 mg/L).

TN:TP
Ratio ya nitrogen: phosphorus yo fhelelaho (TN:TP) i fanela u fhira 20. Hu vha hu tshi khou shavhiwa u difha kha khovhe nga mulandu wa algae.

U Vhonadza:
U vhonadza hu fanela u fhira 50 cm zwo tangana na u vhaliwa ha Secchi-disc.

Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe