U Bveledzwa ha Pomegranate Afrika Tshipembe

© Marinda Louw
Zwine zwa fhira minwaha ya 4 000, mutshelo une wa vha na tshivhumbe tsha apple wo swika hune wa thoma u divhea vhukuma kha mashango a vhukati a Asia na Persia (Iran). U tshi khou vhidziwa seeded apple (kana Punica granatum nga tshi Latin), mbeu ya hone ya thoma u phadalala i tshi ya dubo lwa east na west i tshi khou fhira nga hune ha fhisa vhukuma ha India, Asia Minor na Mediterranean.
I tshi khou hula kha zwitaka zwituku na zwihulwane, ina lukanda lwo khwathaho lwa mukumba, zwi tshi khou bva kha lushaka lwa hone mivhala ya hone iya fhambana ubva kha tshitopi uya kha mutsuku na phephulu. Dzi arils tsuku dzi nga liwa dzi thethe, kana dzo itwa juice kana dzo vhewa nahone lukanda lu ya shumiswa kha u ita mishonga ya Ayurvedic na ethic
Kha mutshelo ndi hone hune ha tou vha tshikoni tsha vhubvo ha antioxidants nahone mapfura ahone o pfuma nga punicic acid iya dovha ya shumiswa kha zwithu zwa u dola na u londa lukanda.

Tshitatisitiki tsha u Kona u Londa Pomegranates Afrika Tshipembe

©Louise Brodie
U thoma hayo u bveledzwa Afrika Tshipembe zwo thoma nga 2000 nahone zwo no hula u swika kha 930 hectara nga 20018. Hu ya vha na vhuthada ha vhulwadze ha u kavha (black spot) zwimela zwa u shumiswa zwo bva India nga 2003 zwa kundiwa nga 2005 ndi hone he u bveledzwa hayo Afrika Tshipembe ha thoma u hula vhukuma.
U bveledzwa hayo Afrika Tshipembe zwi hone nga maanda Western Cape (80%) hune dzinwe dzo tavhiwa tsini na mulambo wa Orange River, Limpopo province na Southern Cape. Zwazwino (2018) Afrika Tshipembe ndi ya vhuna kha dzine dza vha khulwane dza southern hemisphere (SH) vhane vha fha na mi makhethe ya nga ngomu. Manwe a mashango ane avha kha mbabe nao ndi Peru (74% of SH ine ya vha I tshikhou bva), Chili (14%) na Argentina (4%).
Ubva nga 2012 uya 2017, u bviswa hayo zwo engedzea zwa swika 141%, fhedzi nga 2018 u bviswa ho mbo di vha hu ya fhungudzea nga (19%). Nga 2018 zwine zwa swika 1.17 million cartons (3.8 kg units) zwo vha zwo bviswa zwi tshi khou vhambedziwa na 1.44 million nga 2017. U vha hone ha gomelelo line la mangadza nga 2017/2018 Western Cape ndi zwone zwo itaho uri hu vhe a u fhungudzea. Naho huna uri tshimela hetshi tshi funa fhtehu hune ha vha ho oma, hune ha dudela, mutsiko wa madi uya fhungudza u hula na u difha ha mutshelo.
Dzine dza wela kha tharu khulwane dza u bvisa zwithu Afrika Tshipembe zwa hetshi tshimela ndi Europe, the Middle East na UK. Vhukati ha 2012 na 2018 i tshi khou ya Russia zwo gonya nga 105% ngeno u bviswa i tshi ya Middle East zwo gonya nga 455%.
Afrika Tshipembe i isa hetshi tshimela Israel nga maanda Wonderful. Huna thendelano ya u rengisa musi u tshi khou bvisa na u dzhenisa hetshi tshimela kha mashango ane anga Spain na italy, hune hu ya bveledzwa tshaka dzine dza vha uri dzo vhala, dzinwe dza tshaka dza hone ndi ‘Big Fool’ na ‘Kingdom’ dzo no toliwa fhasi ha mulayo Afrika Tshipembe.
Zwothe zwine zwa vha zwo fhelela zwine zwa bveledzwa Afrika Tshipembe ndi zwi tevhelaho: zwine zwa swika 80% zwi ya bva, 11% ya shuma hayani zwine zwa swika 9% zwa latiwa. Hezwi zwine zwa latiwa kanzhi hu vha hu zwine zwa vha na mitwe, mitshelo ine ya vha na vhulwadze, zwine zwa vha zwi songo fanela u u ita juice. Vhunzhi ha zwine zwa latiwa zwi ya shuma kha u ita zwiliwa zwa kholomo na nguluvhe.
Vhunzhi ha tshaka dzine dza vha dzi tshi khou shuma u bva Afrika Tshipembe Wonderful (68%), Herskovitz (14%) na Acco (10%). Kessari/Baghwa kanzhi i rengiswa Afrika tshipembe nga uri i vha isa tou vha ya maimo a nntha kha uri i nga bva.
Vhunzhi ha zwimela zwa hone zwine zwa tavhiwa Afrika Tshipembe zwi tavhiwa kha vundu la Limpopo hune dzine dza swika 250 - 300 hectara dzo lugiselwa nga 2019. Mitshelo ine ya vha i tshi khou bva Limpopo iya kaniwa mafheloni a nwedzi wa Phando, zwine zwa do isa kha makethe wa Northern Hemisphere hu saathu swika mitshelo ine ya vha i tshi khou bva kha mashango ane ya vha i tshi khou tatisana nao u fana na Peru. Dzine dza vha uri dzi khou fhedza u tavhiwa hu vha ho dala Wonderful na Acco. Western Cape u tavhiwa ha Angel Red (tshaka ine ya bva America) zwi khou dala.

U Tavhiwa ha Pomegranates

©Marinda Louw
U funa mutsho wa Mediterranean - vhuria hune ha rotholesa na tshilimo tshine tsha fhisesa. A i funi na luthihi muya na murotho une wa vha uri wo kalula. Ngauri zwinwe zwi ya ita uri mitshelo i sine.
Miri i fanela u tumuleliwa zwavhudi na mbuyelo ya u sheledzwa na u kona u fhungudzelwa zwavhudi ha mitshelo. (Hezwi ndi musi mitshelo mituku i tshi khou thoma u vha na tshivhumbeo).
Muri u fanela u tsireledziwa kha (false codling moth, aphids, mealybug, scale, thrips, mites, whitefly, nematodes) na malwadze.
Zwa nga nnda hu vha ho katelwa na u wa, u bva mitwe ha miri na zwinwe.
Iya hula na hone i tshi khou anwa mitshelo lwa minwaha ine ya swika 30. Wo lugisa zwithu zwau zwavhudi, u lugisela mavu, ndila dza u kona u sheledza na u kona u nanga tshaka dzine wa khou toda u tavha dzone, ngauri u nanga ndi zwithu zwa ndeme vhukuma u saathu nanga na tsimu ine wa khou tea u tavha khayo. Vhane vha vha vha tshi khou tavhela u rengisa vha toda ndivho yo khetheaho kha zwa vhulimi na hone zwiitwa nga vhathu vhane vha vha na ndivho kha u bveledza mitshelo.
Vha bveledzi vha hetshi tshimela vha POMASA vho vha hone nga 2009, vha kona u langa ndivho dzavho vhukati ha vhatavhi vha hei vha rengisi vha u vhambadza na vha u ita dzi thoduluso Afrika Tshipembe.

U Fhungudzea kha u Tavha Pomegranates

U i tavha Afrika Tshipembe zwi vha zwi tshi khou langiwa nga uvha hone ha madi, na mutsho kha vhunwe vhupo na usa vha hone ha ndivho kha vhatavhi vha yo vhaswa. Dzi thoduluso nntswa kha u kona u lwa na zwikhokhonono na malwadze, dzi tshaka nntswa dzo khwinisa zwithu zwa technology sa zwithu zwine zwa vha zwo khethea zwa u kona u vhea na mishonga ine ya vha minzhi yo nwaliswaho zwi do hulisa uri i rengwe na kha manwe mashango.

Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe