Thlahiso ya Kgarenate Afrika Borwa
Dilemo tse fetang 4 000 tse fetileng, ditholwana tse nang le letlalo le nang le peo e kgubedu di ile tsa tsebahala Bohareng baAsia le Persia (Iran). Ho bitswa 'apole' (kapa Punica granatum ka Selatine), kgarenate e namela bochabela le bophirimela dibakeng tse chesang le tse omeletseng tsa India, Asia Minor le Mediterranean Coast mme di ile tsa tsejwa Amerika ke bahwebi ba Spain.
Ho lema difate tse nyenyane tsa naheng le dihlahla tse kgolo, kgarenate e na le letlalo mme ho itshetlehile ka ho lema ho ka ba le mebala e sa tshwaneng - ho tloha mmaleng o mosehla le ho fihlela hoo e ka bang perese. Dikgalala tse kgubedu ('peo') ka hare di ka jewa, lero kapa di sebediswa mme letlalo le sebediswa merianeng ya Ayurvedic le ya boitshwaro.
Ditholwana ke mohlodi o motle haholo wa di-antioxidants le oli ya kgarenate mme oli ya dikgarenate ke mohlodi o ruileng wa punicic acid (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory) le e sebediswang ditlolong tsa tlhaho le tlhokomelo ya letlalo.
Thlahiso ya Dipalo-palo tsa Kgarenate Afrika Borwa
Ho hlahisa dikgarenate Afrika Borwa ho qadile mathwasong a bo-2000 mme e se e hodile ho dihekthara tse ka hodimo ho 930 ka 2018. Mathata a qalang ka dimela tse nang le tshwaetso ya mafu a dimela tse rometsweng ho tloha India ka 2003 di ile tsa hlolwa mme ka 2005 lefapha la makgalate ka Afrika Borwa e ne e qala ho qhoma.
Ho hlahisa dikgarenate Afrika Borwa haholo-holo ho thehilwe Kapa Bophirima (80%) e nang le dimela tse ding tsa Senqu, profinse ya Limpopo leBorwa ba Kapa. Hona jwale Afrika Borwa (2018) ke e mong wa bafani ba bane ba ka sehloohong ba hemisifere (SH) ho ya marakeng a machaba. Dinaha tse kgolo tsa tlhodisano ke Peru (74% ya thekiso ya SH), Chile (14%) le Argentina (4%).
Ho tloha ka 2012 ho fihlela ka 2017, ho rekiswa ha dikgarenate ho eketsehile ka 141%, empa ka 2018 thekiso e tswang dinaheng tse ding e bone lerothodi la bohlokwa (19%). Ka 2018 feela dile ka hara lebokose tse ka fihlang ho dimilione tse 1,17 (dikarolo tse 3.8 dikhilokgrama) di ne di romelwa dinaheng tse ding, ha di bapiswa le mabokose a dimilione tse 1,44 ka 2017. Komello e senyang ka 2017/2018, Western Cape, e ile ea etsa hore ho fokotsehe ho hoholo ha ho rekisa. Le hoja dikgarenate di kgetha maemo a futhumetseng, kgatello ya metsi e baka ho fokotseha ha dinomoro tsa ditholwana le boholo ba ditholwana.
Dimaraka tse hodimo tse 3 tse kenyang dikgarenate tsa Afrika Borwa ke Europe, Bohareng ba Bochabela le UK. Pakeng tsa 2012 le 2018 e rekiswang ho ya Russia e eketsehile ka 105% ha ho rekiswa ho ya Bohareng ba Bochabela e eketsehile ka 455%.
Afrika Borwa feela e kenya dikgarenate ho tloha Iseraele, boholo ba tsona ke 'tse hlollang' tse sa tshwaneng. Ditumellano tsa kgwebo di thibela ho kenngwa ha dikgarenate ho tswa dinaheng tse kang Spain le Italy moo mefuta e phahameng e hlahiswang teng. Tse ding tsa mefuta ena e kang 'Big Fool' le 'Kingdom' di seng di lekwa (tlasa tumello) Afrika Borwa.
Ntlo ya ho pakela dipalo-palo tsa tlhahiso ya dikgarenate tsa Afrika Borwa ke tse latelang: hoo e ka bang 80% e tswang dinaheng tse ding, 11% e sebediswang sebakeng seo le hoo e ka bang 9% ke ditshila. 'Lehlakoreng lena' ke haholo ditholwana tse senyehileng le tse nang le mafu, tse sa lokang esita le bakeng sa lero. Boholo ba ditholwana tsena tsa "ditshila" di sebediswa ho fepa dikgomo le dikolobe.
Dihlahiswa tse kgolo tsa dikgarenate tse tswang naheng ya Afrika Borwa di hlolla (68%), Herskovitz (14%) le Acco (10%). Kessari/Baghwa ke kgarenate e rekiswang haholo Afrika Borwa ha bolelang bo sa tsitsang hantle bakeng sa ho rekisa dinaheng tse ding.
Mefuta e mengata e mecha ya dikgarenate Afrika Borwa e sebakeng sa dibaka tsa Limpopo moo ho hlophisitsweng dihekthara tse 250 ho ya ho tse 300 bakeng sa ho jala ka 2019. Ditholwana tse tswang Limpopo di ka kotulwa ho elella bofelong ba Pherekgong, tse tla kgona ho fihla 'marakeng wa Leboya la Lefatshe pele ditholwana di tswa tlhōdisanong dinaheng tse kang Peru. Dimela tsa difate tsa dikgarenate di sa tswa lengwadli na le boholo ba dimela tse hlollang le tsa Acco. Kapa Bophirimela, dimela tsa 'Angel Red' (e leng cultivar ya Amerika) di ntse di eketseha.
Ho Hola ha Dikgarenate
Dikgarenate di kgetha lehodimo la Mediterranean - mariha a maholo le dipula tse chesang. E ela hloko moya le serame. Diemo tse futhumetseng di ka tlatsetsa mafung a fungal.
Difate di hloka ho pruning le ho rua molemo ho nosetso le ho fokotsa ditholwana tsa ditholwana ka mora ditholwana tse behilweng. (Ditholwana di behilwe ha ntse dile ncha di qala ho hlaha ha di se di thunya).
Dikgarenate di lokela ho sireletswa kgahlanong le ntho tse senyang dijalo (mothanyana wa codling, hwaba, mealybug, scale, thrips, mites, whitefly, nematodes) le malwetse a mang.
Ditaba tsa tlhaho di ka kenyeletsa ho senyeha ha ka hare, ho senya ditholwana, kotsi e senyang le ditholwana tse senyehileng.
Difate tsa dikgarenate di hola mme di beha ditholwana ka dilemo tse fetang 30. Moralo o nepahetseng, ho lokisetsa mobu, tsamaiso ya ho nosetsa le kgetho ya temo ke ya bohlokwa pele ho theha serapa sa ditholwana tsa kgarenate. Tlhahiso ya kgwebo e hloka mekgwa e kgethehileng ya temo mme e etswa ke bahlahisi ba ditholwana tse nang le phihlelo.
Dihlahiswa tsa dikgarenate tsa Mokgatlo wa Afrika Borwa (POMASA) di thehilwe ka 2009 mme di kopanyetsana le phapanyetsano ya tlhaho pakeng tsa balemi ba dikgarenate, bahlahisi ba dihlahiswa, baemedi ba ho rekisa, di-nurseries le bafuputsi Afrika Borwa.
Mefokolo ya ho Hodisa Dikgarenate
Dikgarenate tse ntseng di eketseha Afrika Borwa di ka thibelwa ke boteng le boleng ba metsi, mocheso dibakeng tse itseng le ho hloka bokgoni le tsebo ho dihwai tse ncha. Dipatlisiso tse eketsehileng ka mekgwa e metle ya dikokwana-hloko le mekgwa ya ho laola mafu, dimela tse ncha le theknoloji e ntlafalitsweng jwaloka disebediswa tse kgethehileng tsa diphahlo le dikhemikhale tse ngata tse ngodisitsweng di tla eketsa bokgoni ba ho romela thepa ya dikgarenate tsa Afrika Borwa.
Translated by Sebongile Sonopo