Vufuwi byati Alpaca e Afrika Dzonga ahi khale swisungurile. Swisungule eku sunguleni ka malembe yava 2000s loko 60 wa swiharhi switisiwile kusuka e Chile hi Dr Gavin Lindhorst, mufuwi wa alpaca kusuka e Inca Vale Alpacas kusuhi nale Wellington e Western Cape.
Ti alpaca ti hlayisiwa tani hi swiharhi swale kaya, leswi tirhaka kahle swinene eka kurisa swifuwo swotani hi tinyimpfu, kuva ti fuyiwa ti fuyeriwa fibre ya khwalithi yale henhla swinene leyi tirhisiwaka kurhunga naku endla malapi ya swiambalo.
Ti alpacas tina milenge leyinga sirheleleka, tikota ku gayela kahle naswona tikombeta tikondzelela swinene eka manyokanyokani na swigalani. Swihlawulekisi leswi, xikan’we na voya bya yona lebyi sirhelelaka swilulamerile swinene ku endla swiambalo swa manyunyu, leswi nyikaka alpaca leyi fuwiweke kuva yiri na vuswikoti bya kahle bya kuhumelerisa alpaca fleece.
Xana Iyini Alpaca?
Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) I xifuwo lexi pfuvelaka no mamisa lexingana vuxaka swinene na ndyangu wa kamela e South Amerika naswona yitumbuluka kusuka etintshaveni ta Andes Mountains e dzongeni wa Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador na swiphemu swa nwalungu wa Chile. Swotala swa 3 - 5 million alpacas e South Amerika swikumeka e Peru, eka tindzhawu letinga eka 3 000 m ehenhla ka lwandle.
Ti alpaca i muxaka lowu fuyiwaka ekaya wa vicuñas, swifuwo leswi payelaka swale South Amerika leswinga tlhela swihanya e tindzhawini tale henhla tale Andes. Swirho swin’wana swa ndyangu lowu wa ti kamela swikatsa llama na kamela ya malundza yambirhi ya Bactrian leyi tumbulukaka e Asia.
Hambi leswi swiphakelaka nyama eka vanhu ematikweni ya vona, ti alpaca ti fuyeriwa ngopfu kuva tihumesa fleece loko muxaka lowun’wani wa ti llama, tifuweriwa kuva ti rhwala mindzhwalo yotika. Ti alpaca ta milenge yoleha tikula kufika kwalomu ka 94 - 104 cm (laha makatleni) naswona tinga tika exikarhi ka 55 na 85 kg. Ti hanya kufikela kwalomu ka 20 wa malembe naswona ti biha emirini kuringana nkarhi wa 11.5 wa tinhweti.
Ti alpaca tixile swinene, tirhandza kutiva, ti horile naswona ta vhumbeka titlhela tirhandza kuva ti tshama tiri mintlawa. Swifuwo leswi swo miyela na vutlharhi swa olova ku swihlayisa naswona swihatlisa kuva vanghana va vana na timbyana.
Ti alpaca titirhisa mimpfumawulo (e.g. a soft hum) kumbe miri (e.g. ku dzinginisa nhloko kumbe ku fambisa tindleve) kuva swihlamusela swokarhi. Swikota ku vona swinene naswona switwa ngopfu hiletlhelo swinga tirhisa mpfumawulo wofana na staccato loko swivona khombo. Loko swi chavisiwile swita famba tani hi ntlawa naswona swinga pyhutela loko swichavisiwile kumbe ku karhateka.
Loko ti vicuñas tale nhoveni timila e tindzhawini letingale henhla kumbe letingale minkoveni leti tsakamaka, ti alpaca tale kaya natona tikota ku tolovela xikan’we naku tsindziyela kambe ti kumeka ngopfu emapurasini na laha tinga fuyiwa ti tifambela kunene hitoxe.
Vuhumelerisi bya Alpaca Emisaveni Hinkwayo
Peru, laha ti alpaca totala tikumekaka kona, rina ti genetic ta kahle swinene na switirhisiwa swakahle swinene leswi lulamisaka fibre. Hirona muhumelerisi nkulu wa alpaca fleece na swiambalo emisaveni hinkwayo, laha riphakelaka kwalomu ka 80% wa switirhisiwa swa alpaca emisaveni hinkwayo.
Mintlhambi yale Canada, Amerika, New Zealand na Australia yati alpaca yile kukuleni naswona yilanguteriwa kuva kwalomuya kava lembe ra 2020 Amerika yingava yikota ku hoxa xandla hikwalomu ka 25% wa vuhumelerisi bya alpaca emisaveni hinkwayo.
China hi rona rifambaka emahlweni hiku xava fibre ya alpaca emisaveni hinkwayo.
Australia yile mahlweni swinene hiti genetics ta alpaca xikan’we naku antswisiwa ka rixaka naswona hirona rixaviselaka tiko ra Afrika Dzonga swinene hiti alpaca.
Switirhisiwa swa Alpacas
Loko ti alpacas tahari swiharhi swale kaya leswi aswi tirha tani hi muhungasi, muphakeri wa swakudya na fibre eka tinxaka takhale leti ati tshama etintshaveni ta Andes Mountains; ti alpaca e Afrika Dzonga ti fuweriwa fibre ya tona. Tina fibre leyi veveukeke swinene leyi tirhisiwaka ku rhunga xikan’we naku endla swiambalo swohambana hambana kusuka eka swiambalo swa vana kuya eka tisuti ta manyunyu.
Rixaka ra vanhu va manyunyu vale South America endzhawini ya Quechua kufikela sweswi vahadya nyama ya alpaca, kambe swiharhi leswi aswi tirhisiwi ku xavisela masi kumbe nyama ya swona. Xiharhi xa alpaca xina mavele yantsongo swinene - lawa yanga ringanaka na laha ko tontswa ka pencil - naswona swatika swinene kuva xisengiwa masi hi mavoko.
Alpaca ya xinuna yitirha kahle swinene tani hi murindzi eka swifuwo swin’wana naswona yitirhisiwile swinene tani hi murisi wa tinyimpfu e Afrika Dzonga. Tikota swinene ku risa swifuwo swin’wana naswona swikota ku pyutela, xigemba, xiluma kumbe kuraha nala wun’wana na wun’wana loyi angata chavisa ntlhambi.
Alpacas ti tlhela tixavisiwa tani hi swiharhi leswi fuyiwaka ku antswisa ti gene ta muxaka wun’wana wati alpaca taxinuna naswona ti endla swiharhi swotlhariha leswinga hatliseki ku kwata.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni