Go baakanya matute go tloga ka mo go gamoleng mofuta o le esi kwa gae go ya kwa ditheong tsa boditšhabatšhaba tsa go rekisetsa kwa ntle lefatsheng ka bophara matute a tswakantsweng. Dintshokuno tse tsa matute di baakantswe kwa mafelong a matute a sethegeniki sa kwa godimo a go baakanya matute, a baakantswe le go phuthelwa ka go raragana.
Matute a ka rekisiwa jaaka matute a leungo le le esi (sekao, matute a namune) kgotsa a ka tswakanywa le matute a mangwe go nonofisa botshe, baakanya boesiti, mmala kgotsa tatso le go oketsa phepo ya mefutafuta ya dintshokuno.
Dintshokuno tse di tutafaditsweng di tlhaotswe go ya ka bontsi ba matute a maungo a mmatota a a nang le yona.
Tlhaolo ya Matute a Maungo
Go ya ka ditlhaolo tsa matute a maungo, go ya ka Mokgatlho wa Matute a Maungo wa Aforika Borwa (SAFJA), ke tse di latelang:
‘Matute a maungo a a foreše’ a na le 100% ya matute a ditlaleletso di sa letlelelwang. A tshwanetse go rekisiwa kwa gare ga diura tse pedi tsa go ntshiwa.
‘Matute a maungo a a sa botshefadiwang’ ke matute a 100% le ditlaleletso tse di letleletsweng.
‘Tswina ya maungo’ e tshwanetse go nna le diperesente tsa bonnye tsa matute a maungo, bontsi bo farologane go ya ka maungo.
Sekao, bonnye ba 50% ba matute bo a batlega mo peinapoleng, naartjie le apole. Bonnye ba 35 - 40% ba matute bo a batlega mo go apolekoseng (35%), perekisi le pere (40%), fa koronatela, kwaba, panana, moretlwa o montsho, phopho, litšhi le tswina ya leungo la menko se batla e seng kwa fatshe bonnye ba 20% go tlhaolwa jalo. Matute a ratsuru le kalaka a tshwanetse go kopana go nna bonnye 12.5% ya motswako go tlhaolwa jalo ka ‘tswina ya maungo’.
‘Leungo la sekwatšhe’ le tshwanetse go nna le bonnye ba 24% ya matute a sebopego se sa timolwang le 6% (bonnye) ka sebopego sa go timolwa fa ‘seno sa maungo’ se tshwanetse go nna le bonnye ba 6% ya matute.
Seno sa tatso ya ‘leungo’ gantsi se na le kwa fatshe ga 6% ya matute a maungo.
Mefuta ya Matute
Matute a a tumileng le a itsegeng thata a jaaka namune, terebe, dipeinapole, apole, ditamati le ditswaki di tlhomilwe sentle, fela matute a boboatsatsi (sekao, metsi a khokhonate, açaí le moretlwa wa goji), matute a morogo (sekao, mokawa le bojang ba korong) le metswako ya matute di gola ka go ratega. Dintshokuno tse dingwe tseo di diriseditsweng dintlha tsa kalafo - dikao di akaretsa matute a Mokgopha wa ferox le matute a kalaka a kaffir.
Matute a ka tlhaolwa go ntsha tse di tiileng le go uma kumo ya bofelelo, e e apogileng e e phatsimang mme badirisi ba le bantsi ba itemogileng ka tsa boitekanelo ba ka tlhopa matute a bomaru ka tlhale ya tlhago. Matute a a apogileng a a tumileng a apole, terebe le matute a moretlwa a jaaka kranperi.
Matute a ka tsenywa khabone go oketsa modumo o o biloga kgotsa go dirisa jalo ka setswaki mo disoseng, metswakong, le go oketsa, dikinelo tsa dinoko le dino tse di kopantshiwang go oketsa tatso le boesiti (sekao, kalaka le matute a ratsuru).
Matute a gamotsweng ka botsididi ke matute a sebopego sa bophelo bo bontle. Mo nakong ya thulaganyo e, matute a ntshiwa ka go gamolwa ka haedroliki. Ka go farologana, fa gamolo ya go aroganya e dirisitswe, magare le go ritela ntshokuno, go isa kwa kgodisong ya themperetšha le go baa mo pontsheng leungo mo oksitšeneng e ntsi. Oksitšene e isa kwa oksiteišeneng eo dibithamine-B le bithamine ya C e amegang thata.
Matute a a gamotsweng ka botsididi a tshola dibithamine le diminerale tsa maungo le merogo go feta mme gantsi ga e na didira botshe tsa maitirelo kgotsa dibabaledi tseo di dirisang mabotlolo kgotsa matute a a phuthetsweng pele ga nako.
Metswako ya Matute
Ga se maungo otlhe ao a siametseng matute a maungo a ka gale mme a ka fetoga go nna a matute a makima a a sekileng. E e sekileng go tswa mo maungong a a jaaka pere, panana, diapolekose le dimenku di tlhoka go timolwa ka metsi kgotsa matute a mangwe go e naa go nowa ka go tshwana. Tswina e e kima ya maungo gantsi a dirisiwa mo go tse boleta, metswako, mo mabebetsididing le dintshokuno tse dingwe tsa theko e e okeditsweng.
Matutu a mangwe a siametse thata go dirisiwa mo metswakong ka ntlha ya tatso, phopholego kgotsa go galaka – dipete, segwere le Mokgopha wa ferox di tla mo kgopolong.
Matute a mangwe a tlaleletswa mo metswakong go oketsa tatso, boesiti, mmala, tatso go ya kwa ntshokunong e e tswakantsweng ya bofelo. Fa go tlaleletsa matute a mangwe gape go ka nna le seabe sa go somarela; matute a pete (10 - 20%) a ka fokotsa matute a apole go nna borokwa.
Translated by Lawrence Ndou