Biosecurity mo Kgwebong ya Dikgogo

© Chris Daly

Go dumelwa fa Biosecurity e le yone tshireletso ya ntlha kgatlhanong le malwetse a dikgogo kgotsa dinonyane tse di ruetsweng nama le mae a tsone. Go tsewa dikgato di maleba go dithelela dinyonyane tse kgatlhanong le kgotlhang le tsotlhe tse di ka di tshwaetsang ka malwetse a a farologaneng. Seo se akaretsa batho, diphologolo tse dingwe, dijo tse di dibonang le dirisiswa tsotlhe tse di leng mo polaseng. Baitsanape ba tsa bophelo le ba ba dirang ka tsa kalafi ya diphologolo ke bone ba ba leng mo maemong a a masisi a go ka tshwaetse dinyonyane ka malwetse ka gonne ba dira ka diphologolo tse dintsi tse di nang le malwetse mo dipolaseng tse di farologaneng. Ka letlhogonolo ba itse sentle ka seo mme ba nna ba le malalaotswe. Enngwe ya matsapa a ba a tsayang go fokotsa tekeletso ke go apola diaparo tse ba neng ba di apere mo polaleseng eo, mme ba apare tse dingwe pele ba fitlha kwa polaseng e e latelang.

Tekeletso a Batho

Bagwebi ba temothuo le bone ba tsaya dikgato tsa go fokotsa tekeletso (risk) ya tswaetso ya malwetsa mo dinonyaneng tsa bone ka go kampelela mafelo a perekelo ka magora a fense. Batho ba ba tlhokang go tsena kwa mafelong ao ba tshwanetswe ke go kwadisa maina a bone kwa lefelong la boamogela batho (reception) le ga ba tswa, gore ba kgone go itse kwa motswedi wa tshwaetso o rulang kwa teng fa e ka diragala.

Gantsi mafelo ao a na le phapusi tse di nang le dishawara gore batho ba kgone go iphepafatsa pele ba ka tsena. Batho botlhe ba ba tsena mo mafelong ao, e ka nna molemi, badira polase, kgotsa baoki ba diphologolo, batshwanetswe ke go tlogela diaparo tsa bone tsa kwa ntle fa pele ga kgoro ya dishawara pele ba ka dumelelwa go tsena mo lefelong le dinyonyane di nnang mo teng. Ba tla nelwa diaparo tse diphepa le ditlhako tse dingwe kwa ntle ga kgoro e e latelang ya phapusi ya dishawara gore ba diapare. Badiri ba ba dirang mo lefelong leo ka metlha bana le diaparo tse ba di dirisang mme ga diatshwanela ke go tswa mo lefelong leo.

Batho ba ka tlhoka go tlapa gape fa ba batla go tsenelela kwa mafelong a mangwe a production unit, ka dinako tse dingwe ba ka tlhoka fela go tlhapa maoto pele ka ka tsenelela. Diaparo le ditlhako tsotlhe tse di neng di aperwe kwa mafelong ao di tla tlhatswiwa ka sebolaya megare (disinfectant) go nnetefatsa gore ga di na malwetse.

Go botlhokwa gore batho botlhe ba ba dirang mo polaseng ba tlhaloganye tekeletso e ba ka e tlhagisetsang diphologolo tse, mme ba dirisane go fokotsa tekeletso eo. Metsamao ya baeng ga e a dumelelwa kwa mafelo a go direlwang kwa go one.

Di Diriswa tsa Polase, Dijanaga tsa Polase le Dijo tsa Diphologolo

©Chris Daly

Go tlhokega tsamaiso e e tshwana go ama di diriswa tsotlhe tse gorosiwang kwa polaseng. Di diriswa tsotlhe, go akaretsa dijo tsa diphologolo kgotsa di diriswa tsa metsi di thswanetse ke go phepafatsiwa mo polaseng go bolaya megare, bakteria kgotsa malwetse a a ka amang dinyonyane mme tsa tshwaetsana ka tsone. Le dilo tsotlhe tse di ka fudusiwang mo polaseng di tshwanetse ke go phepafatsiwa pele di ka boela kwa polaseng ya dikgogo.

Kgang e ngwe e e matsapa ke ya go thubelela dijanaga go ka gorosa malwetse mo polaseng. Ke ka fao dijanaga tsotlhe di tshwanetse ke go tlhatswiwa ka dibolaya megare pele di ka dimelelwa go tsena mo polaseng, mme le metsamao ya tsone ga e ya dumelelwa kwa mafelong a a rileng mo polaseng.

Dijo tsa dinonyane le tsone di ka nna le mouta o o ka tsalang dikokwanatlhoko tse di borai. Ka jalo bo rapolase ba tshwanetse go nnetefatsa gore dijo tse ba dibonelang dinyonyane ke tsa maemo a a kwa godimo.

Diphologolo tse Dingwe

Dikgogo di nna di kampeletswe go fokotsa kgolaganyo ya tsone le diphologolo tse dingwe mo polaseng, go akaretsa le dikgogo tse dingwe. Bo rapolase ba bangwe ba dirisa tsamaso (system) ya “all-in-all-out”. Ka tsamaiso e ba tla kgobokanya ka dingwaga tsa tsone ga di goroga mo polaseng mme di nne mo setlhopheng seo goyagoile kgotsa go fitlhela di ntshiwa mo polase.

Meago ya polase le yone e phepafatsiwa ka diboloya megare ga setlhopha sa feditse peoletse ya tiragalo (production cycle), go thibelela malwetse go ka tswaetsa setlhopha se se latelang. Dinyonyane tse di lwalang di ntshiwa ka bonako, mme tse di suleng di a epelwa go thibelela kgaso ya malwetse.

Kamano ya dikgogo le dophologolo tse dingwe e tshwanetse ke go thibelelwa ka bojotlhe, ka gonne dinyonyane tsa naga di bonwe e le tsone di tsholang bolwetse jwa “High Pathogen Avian Influenza” e bong birdflu. Bolwetse jo ke bone bo tlisang matshosetsi a magolo mo industering ya temothuo ya dikgogo lefatsh ka bophara, e bile mefuta e mengwe ya bolwetse jo bo ka ama le batho. Thuthuntso ya bolwetse e tlhodile polao e kgolo ya dikgogo kwa mafelong a mantsi lefatshe ka bophara. Mantle a dinyonyane tsa naga le dinonyane tse di suleng di ka kgotlela metsi a a nwewang mme seo se ka atisa malwetse.

Bo rotwe le magotlo a baka matshwenyego. Ga ba sa utswe dijo tsa dikgogo, go thuba le go ja mae a tsone le go bolaya dikokwana, ba leswe mme ba tshola malwetse a a ka tshwaetsang dikgogo. Ba tshola dikokwanatlhoko, dinwamadi, jaaka dinta, dikgofa le dintshi. Diphologolo tse di tshwanetswe ke go thibelelwa go tsena kwa mafelong a bodireli (production area) ka go agelela mafelo ao ka dikago tse di ka se kgoneng go diloma ka meno a tsone a a maleele. Jaaka sheet material (tshipi), hardware cloth le samente. Borapolase ba ka di thaisa gore ba kgone go di fokotsa.

Maele a Bogwebi jwa mo Setshabeng

Go dirafatsa biosecurity kwa mafelong a a leng gaufi le metse go matsapa thata, ga dinonyane tseo di ka letlelwa go itsomela dijo mo motseng. Fa dilo dile ka mokgwa oo, bagwebi ba dikgogo ba ka leka ditsela tse di botlhajana go aga magora a a tlileng go thibelela kgolagano ya dinonyane le dilo tse di ka tsholang malwetse.

Go sa nneng jalo, bagwebi ba dikgogo ba ka dirammogo go ka itsise batho ka matshosetsi a a leng teng mme ba dirammogo le setshaba go ka sireletsa dinonyane tseo ka go:

Ntsha dikgogo tse di bonalang di na le bolwetse mo go tse dingwe.
Itsise ba lefapha la kalafo ya diphologolo fa o ka bonwa matshwao a bolwetse go nnetefatsa gore ga e masisi.
Fitlha diphologolo tse disuleng pele di ka tsoseletsa malwetse.
O reke dikgogo kwa bagwebing ba ba tshepegileng fela.
Katosa dikgogo tse dintshwa mo go tse di leng teng go nnetefatsa gore tse dintshwa ga di na matshosetsi mape.
Fokotsa kgolagano magareng ga dinonyane le bareki, bogolosetona fa o itse ka fa bareki bao ba tsamaya kwa mafelong a mantssi go ya go reka dinonyane tse dingwe.

Translated by Ikalafeng Maedi