Nhlayiseko wuvonaka tani hi ndlela yosungula swinene eka kulwisana no sivela mavabyi ya tihuku. Leswi swikatsa maendlelo yohambana hambana ku sivela tinyenyana leti kuva tikuma mavabyi hikuva tikhumbhana na leswingavaka swirhwele mavabyi, leswingavaka yini kumbe yini kusuka eka vanhu kuya eka swiharhi swin’wana, swakudya kumbe switirhisiwa swale purasini. Madokodela na lava tirhanaka na swiharhi vani khombo swinene hikuva vatirha na swiharhi leswivabyaka eka mapurasi yo hambana hambana. Lexi tsakisaka iku vaswitiva naswona vateka magoza yaku hunguta khombo leri hikuva va cinca swiambalo swavona loko vahuma eka purasi rinwana na rinwana.
Khombo ra Vanhu
Van’wamapurasi lava xavisaka tihuku va hunguta khombo ra vanhu kuva vatisa mavabyi hikuva va biyelela tiyindlu ta tihuku hi darata. Vanhu lava nghenaka vafanele kutsarisa no sayina eka ndzhawu ya vuamukeri leswaku kuva na vumbhoni bya ku famba famba ka vanhu xikan’we no kota kutiva leswi mavabyi yangavaka ya nghenise xiswona loko kotshuka kuve na mavabyi.
Jarata leri ritala kuva na xawara leyi kuhundziwaka eka yona loko kuyiwa eka ndzhawu yavuhumelerisi. Munhu un’wana na un’wana loyi a nghenaka kusuka e handle, kungava n’wamapurasi, mutirhi wale purasini kumbe Dokodela ra swiharhi ufanele ku cinca no siya swimbalo leswi angata aswi ambarile laha kungheniwaka kona se a hundza hile xawareni loko anga se nghena eka ndzhawu ya vuhumelerisi. Vafanele ku hlamba e xawareni, laha kungana thawula, swi ambalo swobasa xikan’we na tintanghu leswi vafaneleke kuswiambala loko va heta. Vatirhi vatala kuva na swavona swiambalo leswinga hluvuriweku loko vari eka ndzhawu leyi.
Vanhu vanga languteriwa ku nghena e xawareni no cinca swiambalo nkarhi wunwana na wun’wana loko vaya eka ndzhawu yihi na yihi ya vuhumelerisi, kumbe vanga languteriwa ku hlamba milenge ntsena exikarhi ka tindzhawu leti naswona switaya hi khombo ra kona. Swiambalo leswi tirhisiwaka lendzeni swifanele kuhlantswiwa no fafazeriwa kwale ndzeni kutiyisisa leswaku aswina mavabyi.
Swina nkoka swinene leswaku un’wana na un’wana loyi a tirhaka e purasini a twisisa khombo leri arivekaka notirhisana eka ku rihunguta. Vavhakachi vafamba fambela eka tindzhawu leti pimiweke laha kungana vuhumelerisi.
Switirhisiwa swa Purasi, Mimovha, Swofamba na Swakudya
Maendlelo lawa ya fanaka yafanele kutirhisiwa eka xin’wana na xin’wana lexi fambisiwaka ehandle nale ndzeni ka purasi. Switirhisiwa hinkwaswo, swodyela tihuku no n’wela kona mati swifanele kubasisiwa ku endlela leswaku switsongwatsongwani swinga akeli na mavabyi yanga hangalaki na tihuku letin’wana. Xin’wana na xin’wana lexi humesiwaka eka ndzhawu leyi xifanele kuva xifafazeriwa loko xinga se vuyiseriwa eka yona.
Lexi xitikaka ngopfu iku sivela mimovha kuvavyitisa mavabyi e purasini. Kuhunguta khombo, mimovha ya fafazeriwa nayona loko yinga se pfumeleriwa kuva yinghena e purasini naswona mafamba fambelo yayona yapimiwile swinene epurasini.
Swakudya naswona i khombo rin’wana, tani hileswi swingavaka na kufurha loku kunga tisaka mavabyi. Ku hunguta khombo rakona hileswaku n’wamapurasi u fanele kutiyisisa leswaku u tisa swakudya leswingana khwalithi yakahle.
Swiharhi Swinwana
Tinyenyana tivekiwa eka tiyindlu tatona kuva kuhungutiwa kuva tihlangana na swiharhi swin’wana hambi kuri tihuku tin’wana. Van’wamapurasi votala vatirhisa maendlelo lawa vange i “all-in-all-out systems”, laha swihukwana swivekiwaka hi mintlawa kuya hi vukhale bya swona loko swifika e purasini naswona swivekiwa swin’we eka nkarhi wa vuhumelerisi kukondza swifamba e purasini.
Miako ya basisiwa yitlhela yifafazeriwa loko kunga se nghena ntlawa naloko ntlawa walowo se wuhetile xiphemu xawona xa vuhumelerisi, leswi swiendleriwa kusivela mavabyi kuva yangalaka kusuka eka ntlawa wun’wani kuya eka wun’wani. Swihukwani leswivabyaka swi susiwa hiku hatlisa naswona leswinga fa swa celeriwa kusivela ku hangalaka ka mavabyi ya swona.
Kuhlangana na swiharhi swin’wana swifanele swipapalatiwa hilaha swinga kotekaka hakona. Tinyenyani tale nhoveni tivikiwa kuva na khombo swinene hikuva titekiwa tani hi leti khomaka mavabyi ya Pathogenic Avian influenza, lawa yativekaka tani hi birdflu. Mavabyi lawa yativeka tani hi mavabyi lawa yanga nghozi swinene eka tihuku emisaveni hinkwayo naswona swakoteka leswaku ya khoma na vanhu mavabyi lawa. Ntungu lowu wa mavabyi lawa wu endle leswaku tihuku na swihukwani swixaniseka swinene eka matiko yohambana hambana emisaveni hinkwayo. Swihukwana leswi faka na matoto ya swona swinga thyakisa mati lawa ya n’wiwaka hitihuku letin’wana leswinga endlaka leswaku kuva na kuhangalaka ka mavabyi lawa.
Makondlo nawona i xivileriso lexikulu swinene. E handle ko yiva swakudya, kudya no faya matandza xikan’we no dlaya swihukwani, makondlo yana mavabyi yotala kukatsa notisa switsotswana swofana na madzedze, vusokoti na tinhongani. Swihadyani swofana na vamangedyani swifanele ku hungutiwa kuva kona eka tindzhawu ta vuhumelerisi na miako naswona kufanele kupfariwa mimbhovo, lomu kunga handzuka na lomu kunga pfuleka leswaku swilo leswi swinga koti kunghena no tisa mavabyi. Swikatsani na leswi sivelaka vamangedyani swifanele kutirhisiwa leswaku tihuku titatshama tihlayisekile.
Switsundzuxo swa Mahumeleriselo ya Nhlangelo
Kutiyisisa nhlayiseko laha kugnana vuhumelerisi bya mani na mani swiendla leswaku switika swinene ngopfu ngopfu laha tihuku ti tilavelaka swakudya kwala mugangeni. Kwalano vafuwi va tihuku vanga ringeta kutirhisa tindlela tin’wana to endla leswaku tihuku tavona tinga hlangani na letingavaka na mavabyi kumbe swin’wana swaleswinga khomaka mavabyi ya tona.
Loko swinga koteki ku endla sweswo, vafuwi va tihuku vanga tirhisan kun’we kuva vaendla leswaku vaaki valemuka himavabyi lawa yanga vaka kona na makhombo naswona vatlhela vatirhisana kuwa sivela hikuva:
Vasusa swihukwana leswi langutekaka onge swavabya eka letin’wana.
Kutivisa vativi va swarihanyu ra swiharhi leswaku loko vayakuma mavabyi vatiyisisa leswaku ahimavabyi lawa ya chavisaka.
Vasusa no celela swiharhi leswifeke loko swingase fikisa mavabyi na khombo eka leswin’wani.
Va xava swikukwani eka vaxavisi lavativekaka ntsena.
Kuvekiwa swihukwan leswintshwa hivuswona swinga katsiwi na leswa khale ku endlela leswak uswinga weriwi hi khombo.
Vutihlanganisi exikarhi ka vaxavi na swihukwa abyive ehansi, ngopfu ngopfu loko vasukile.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni