iAvian influenza,leyatiwa ngekutsi ngumkhuhlane wetinyoni, ugucuke waba ngumunye wesifo mahlabawonkhe lomkhulu loyingoti. Lesi sifo asenti kulahleka kwemnotfo kuphela ngekubulala tinkhulungwane tetinyoni tekufuywa mhlaba wonkhe ngamunye umnyaka, kepha letinye taletinkinga, letifana njenge H5N1 kanye ne H7N9, kungandluliseka kubantfu. Lenkinga ye H5N1 yabanjwa kucala eHong Kong ngemnyaka wa 1997, ngekuya kweNhlangano Yemhlaba Yetemphilo Wetilwane, yatseleleka kusuka eAsia kuya e Europe nase Afrika kusuka ngemnyaka wa 2003.
Letinkinga/lokukhatsateka kwatseleleka kubantfu labamakhulu lamane nemashumi lasitfupha nesiphohlongo kwatsi labamakhulu lamabili nemashumi lasiphohlongo nakubili bashona emkhatsini wemnyaka wa 2002 na 2009 kwaphindze kwatseleleka bantfu labamakhulu lamabili nemashumi lamatsatfu nakutsatfu kwashona likhulu nemashumi lamabili nesihlanu lwebantfu emkhatsini wemnyaka wa 2010 na 2014.
Lizinga lekutseleleka nelekufa lwehla kusukeka lapho, litiko lwetemphilo lwetilwane mhlaba jikelele letfula kutsi emacala lalikhulu nemashumi lamane nesihlanu kanye nekufa lokumashumi lamane nakubili nga 2015, emacala alishumi kanye nekufa lokutsatfu nga 2016 bese emacala lamatsatfu nekufa kunye nga 2017. Kutseleleka kwebantfu, kuze kubengulesikhatsi, kuvumelana nekubukana netindzawo letitselelwe noma letingcolisiwe. Kunekwesaba kutsi lesifo singachubeka sisakateke ngalokwanele emkhatsini webantfu.
Tinkinga letehlukene
Ngetulu kwetinkinga letilishumi nesihlanu te avian influenza letiphilako tichazeka ngetindlela letimbili ngekuya ngebukhulu balesifo kutemfuyo:
Kukhona kwenta lokuphansi kwe avian influenza, lehlangane nekungabi khona noma lokungahle kube timphawu talokugula.
Kwenta lokusetulu kwe avian influenza, lokuhlangene netimphawu letimbalwa talesifo kanye nekufa lokusetulu.
Lenkinga ye H5N8 leyavela eNingizimu Afrika ngemnyaka wa 2017 ayizange itsatselwana kubantfu, kepha yachubela ekufeni lokwabadvute netinkhulungwane letimbili temakhulu etinyoni. Labanye bafuyi labatsintseka baveta kutsi letinyoni atizange tikhombisa timphawu tekugula ngaphambilini, kepha tavele tafa ngelizinga lelitfusako.
Timphawu
Ngekusho kwe labhorethri ye Lancet kanye Nelihhovisi letekulima lwe Avian Influenza-Leliphepha Lemaciniso Lwetekulapha, lesifo ngesimo lesisemkhatsini singavela njengetimphiko letishwilene, kunciphiseke kukhicitwa kwemacandza noma timphawu tekuphefumula kalukhuni lokusemkhatsini, njengekutsimula noma kugamuka. Ngendlela leyiyingoti, akusiko kuphefumula kalukhuni kuphela lokungabayinkinga, kepha naletinye tincenye kanye netitfo temtimba, letingakhokha ehaemorrhaging lengekhatsi.
Ngaletimphawu letisetulu/letiyingoti kungangena lokunye kwalolokulandzelako:
Letinyoni tingathula, titsatse kancane noma tibukeke tikhatsatekile.
Kungahle kube nekuwa/kwehla lokusheshako ekukhiciteni emacandza, nekufaka emacandza lamaningi langahle abenesigogo lesilula noma abebete sigogo.
Lesikhumba lesimafindvofindvo kanye nesicholo saletinyoni kungavuvuka kuphindze kucumbelane.
Lobuso noma lesikhumba lesingaphansi kwemehlo singavuvuka siphindze sibe nelibala leliluhlata sasibhakabhaka losalukhwebeleti.
Letinyoni tingaphuma emangcumbula (kuvuvuka kweliso)
Timphawu tekuphefumula kalukhuni kungenta kukhwehlela, kutsimula kanye nekuzubazuba.
Timphawu tekwetfuka/kwesaba tingafaka kutamatama, kugucuka kwetintsamo noma timphiko letichwalile. Lelinye lining letilwane tekufuywa tingalahlekelwa sisindvo tigcine tilele phansi tibe tisazama kunyakata ngetinyawo noma imilente yato.
Letinyoni tibonakala tiphatfwa sifo semsheko.
Kungabakhona ihaemorrhages kumadvolo etinyoni.
Kufa lokuncane kungenteka emalanga lambalwa, kulandzelwe kusakateka kanye nelizinga lekufa lelingafika kumaphesenti lalikhulu ngema hora lamashumi lamane nesiphohlongo.
Translated by Phindile Malotana