Umgomani lo i-Avian influenza,waziwa nangokuthi umgomani weenyoni/iinkukhu, utjhuguluke waba hlangana namalwele asatjwa khulu umhlaba zombelele. Ubulwelobu abukhinyabezi umnotho ngokuthi bubulale iinkulungwana zeenkukhu zenyama umhlaba woke kwaphela qobe nyaka, kodwana okhunye kwakho okufaka hlangana, i-H5N1 and H7N9, kungadluliseleka ebantwini.
Umhlobo we-H5N1 strain watholakala khokuthoma e-Hong Kong ngo-1997, ngokuya ngehlangano etjheje zepilo eenlwanini i-World Organisation for Animal Health, warhatjheka ukusuka e-Asia ukuya e-Europe ne-Afrika ukusuka ngomnyaka we-2003.
Ubulwelobu batshwayeleka ebantwini abama-468 bebabulala abantu abama-282 phakathi komnyaka we-2002 nowe-2009 kwathi abantu abama-233 batshwayeleka bekwahlongakala abali-125 phakathi komnyaka we-2010 nowe-2014.
Nokho amazinga wokutshwayeleka nokuhlongakala ehla ukusuka lapho, ngokuthi ihlangano ye-World Health Organisation ibike bonyana bali-145 abatshwayelekileko kanye nabama-42 abahlongakalako ngomnyaka we-2015, abalitjhumi abatshwayelekileko nabathathu abahlongakeleko ngomnyaka we-2016 kwathi ngomnyaka we-2017 kwabikwa abathathu abatshwaylekileko noyedwa ohlongakeleko. Ukutshwayeleka kwabantu, ukufikela nje, kuhlotjaniswa khulu nokuthintana buncopha neendawo eziqabhelekileko nofana ezitshwayelekileko. Kunokusatjwa kobana ubulwelobu bungakhula beburhatjhekele ebantwini.
Imihlobo yobulwele
Kunemihlobo engaphezu kwelitjhumi nahlanu etholakala emgomaneni lo i-avian influenza nehlukaniseke ngemikhakha emibili ngokuya ngobukhali bobulwele eenkukhwini ezifuyelwe inyama:
Ukungabi nobungozi khulu komgomani lo, nekuvame bonyana uhlotjaniswe nokuthi kungabi netshwayo nofana ingakhombisi itshwayo lokugula. Ukuba nobungozi bezinga eliphezulu komgomani lo, nekuhlotjaniswa khulu namatshwayo abukhali wobulwele kanye nezinga lokufa eliphezulu.
Umhlobo wobulwelobu i-H5N8 strain obaqubuka ngomnyaka we-2017 eSewula Afrika begade bungadluliselani ebantwini, kodwana kwaba nokufa kweenkukhu ezibalelwa pheze kezimakhulu amabili weenkulungwana. Abanye babafuyi babika bonyana iinkukhu azange zakhombisa amatshwayo wobulwele, kodwana sezavela zafa ngendlela ethusako.
Amatshwayo
Ngokuya nge-Lancet Laboratories ne-Department of Agriculture’s Avian Influenza- Veterinary Fact Sheet, ubulwelobu nabusese sesigabeni esiphasi bungabonakala ngokutjharagana kweensiba zeenkukhu, ukwehla kwenani lamaqanda eziwakhiqizako nofana amatshwayo wokuba nobudisi bokuphefumula, ekufana nokuthimula nofana ukurhorhoza. Nasele busesigabeni esiphezulu nesibukhali, akusabi yikinga yokuphefumula kwaphela ethintekako, kodwana nezinye izitho nalezo ezenza umsebenzi ofanako emzimbeni, nekungabangela ukuvova iingazi ngaphakathi (haemorrhaging).
Nasele busesigabeni esimbi, amatshwayo abonakalako angafaka hlangana okulandelako:
Ikukhu ingathula, ivilaphe nofana ibonakale igandelelekile.
Kungaba nokwehla ngokungakatjhejeki komkhiqizo wamaqanda, kuthi inengi lamaqanda abe neqephe elitofozelako nofana angaba neqephe.
IIncenye zeempiko weenkukhu zingavuvuka bese ziyakghakghathela.
Ubuso nofana isikhunjana esingaphasi kwelihlo singavuvuka bese sitjhugulula umbala sibebubende.
Ikukhu ingasuka imile iinlonda ezitjhisako emehlweni besezipakelana ndawoye.
Amatshwayo wokuphefumula angafaka hlangana ukukhohlela, ukuthimula nokurhorhoza.
Amatshwayo wokuthuka angafaka hlangana ukuhlengezela, ukusongana intamo nofana ukulembelela kwamaphiko. Ezinye zeenkukhwezi zisuke zilahlekelwe kudzimelela bese zigcina sezilala phasi sirarhararhe.
Iinkukhu zivamisa ukutshwenywa khulu kurhuda.
Kungaba negazi elinengi ethuvini beenkukhu.
Kungaba nezifako emalangeni ahlukileko ambalwa, bese kulandelwe kurhatjheka okumsinya nokufa ngezinga elingalalamela i-100% ngama-awara ama-48.
Translated by Johannes Nkosinathi