I-Avian influenza ichazwe kwaye yaziwa njengomkhuhlane weeNtaka. Ifunyaniswe isisifo esinobungozi. Asipheleli ekwenzeni ilahleko kwezo rhwebo zelizwe ngokubulala amawaka-waka entaka eziludidi lwenkukhu kwilizwe jikelele nyaka no nyaka.
Ezinye ke ezifana ne H5N1 kunye ne H7N9 zinako ukusulela eluntwini. Ubuzaza be H5N1 buqale ukuchanwa eHong Kong ngonyaka ka 1997 ngokwenkcazelo ye ngqungqurhu yamazwe ngamazwe yempilo yezilwanyana. Esisifo siye sanda ukusukela eAsia ukuyo kuma eEurope kunye nase Afrika, ukusukela ngonyaka ka 2003.
Esisifo sosulele abantu abangamakhulu amane, namashumi amathandathu anesibhozo (468) yabulala abantu abangamakhulu amabini, namashumi asibozo anesibini (282) phakathi konyaka ka 2002 no 2009. Ithe yasulela abantu abangamakhulu amabini, namashumi amathathu anesithathu (233).
Yaqhubeka yabulala ikhulu elina mashumi amabini anesihlanu (125) labantu phakathi konyaka ka 2010 no 2014. Amanani wezinga losuleleko nokufa athe ehla ukususela ngoko. Ingqungquthela yamazwe empilo ichaze iimeko ezilikhulu namashumi amane anesihlanu (145) kunye nenani lokufa elingamashumi amane anesibini (42) ngonyaka ka 2015. Kuxelwe iimeko ezilishumi (10) nezokufa ezintathu (3) ngonyaka ka 2016. Kwaze ngonyaka ka 2017 kwachazwa imeko ezintathu, nenye (1) yokufa ngonyaka ka 2017.
Iindidi Ngendidi Zosuleleko
Iindidi ezilishumi elinesihlanu (15) ze Avian Influenza ezaziwayo zichazwe ngokwamadidi amabini, ngokobuzaza besifo ezinkukhwini.
Izinga eliphantsi le Avian Influenza, aloyanyaniswa nampawu, kwaye aziqhelekanga ukubonakala iimpawu zayo.
Izinga eliphezulu le Avian Influenza, loyanyaniswa nobuzaza obunzulu besisifo, ubungozi, kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokufa.
Isigulo se H5N8 esathi saqhamka eMzantsi Afrika ngonyaka ka 2017, sasingasuleli eluntwini. Kodwa ke sathi sangunobangela wokufa kwabantu abasondele kumakhulu amabini (200) we Ntaka. Abanini mzi mveliso bachaze okokuba ezinye zezintaka azibonakalisanga mpawu zesigulo, kodwa ziqubuliseke zafa ngesaquphe esikhawulezileyo.
Iimpawu
Ngokwe nkcazelo ye Lancet Laboratories nophando lwesebe lezolimo nge Avian Influenza, esisifo singabonakala sisoyikisa, ukwehla kwemveliso yamaqanda kunye neempawu zokungakwazi ukuphefumla, kunye nokuthimla. Kwimeko ezinobuzaza kuye kungapheleli ekuphefumleni nokusuleleka kuka qhoqhoqho, kodwa namanye amalungu angenza ukophela ngaphakathi. Kwi meko ezinobuzaza, nazi impawu:
Iintaka ziyathula, zidinwe kwaye ziphathwe ngumva ndedwa.
Imveliso yamaqanda iyehla, kwaye ubuninzi bamaqanda athambe iqokobhe okanye angabinalo nkqu iqokobhe.
Iinzwane nesikhumba zingabonakala zidumbile, kwaye zixinene.
UBuso nesikhumba ngaphantsi kwamehlo zingabonakala zidumbile, umbala ujikile uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka – mfusa (blue-purple).
Iintaka zinganosuleleko lwa mehlo.
Impawu zesifuba zingabandakanya ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, nokuphefumla nzima.
Iimpawu zengqondo zibandakanya ukoyika, ujijeka kwentamo, nokukhubazeka kwempiko. Ezinye iinkukhu ziphelelwa kukuzibamba, ziphele zisiwa phantsi nangona zibonakala zihambisa inyawo maxa zilele phantsi.
Iintaka ziye zibenesifo sorhudo.
Kungakhona ukopha kumaphiko eentaka.
Zingaqala zife iintsuku zilandelelana, zilandelelane zisifa isiquphe, zonke (100%) kwi yure ezingamashumi amane anesibhozo (48).
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie