Kuvundziswa kwe ndzawo yetjani kubalulekile, kokubili esigabeni sekulima bese phindze muva ngesikhatsi uwanakekela. Inhloso yekuvundziswa kwendzawo yetjani kwentela kuciniseka kutsi lepasture itfwala lamanutrientes ladzingekako kwentela umkhicito wetilwane phindze kukhokhwe tintfo letenele letomile kwentela kupha tilwane tekufuywa.
Ngekusho kwetindlela te agroecology, kuphiwa kwemhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu kunekupha inhlanyelo. Ngakoke, lendlela yekucala yeluhlelo lwekuvundzisa kumele kube ngulowenta kuhlolwa kwemhlabatsi longiye kwentel kuchazeka kahle kwetintfo temhlabatsi nekungabi nemanutrients lenele.
ipH ye Mhlabatsi neBukhona bemaNutrient
Lesikali se pH sihamba kusuka ku 0 kuya ku 14 ne pH lena 7 njengeliphoyinti lelibutsakatsaka. Ngaphansi kwa pH 7 kune esidi bese ngetulu kwa pH 7 kune alkaline.
Lenhloso lengiyona nekulungiswa kwe pH yemhlabatsi kutsi kulungiswe le esidi yemhlabatsi njenge pH yemhlabatsi ledlala indzima kumanutrients lakhona emhlabatsini.
Kwengeta ilime yekulima kunika lamanutrients etitjalo ladzingekako kufana ne calcium ne magnesium, kunganciphisa ialuminiun lenaphoyizini yetigaba phindze ikhulise lobukhona bephosphorus (P) kulomhlabatsi.
Emihlabatsini lene esidi ye pH lengaphansi kuna 6, lobukhona be nitrogen-yesitjalo buhamba kancane. Phindze, lobukhona bemanutrients lamancane emanganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) ne boron (B) tivama kuncipha ngesikhatsi ipH yemhlabatsi ikhula – ngesikhatsi umhlabatsi uba yi alkaline.
Tjani nalokumantongomane kuhlukile ngekutsatsa kwako ku pH yemhlabatsi, Tjani bungatsatsa ipH lephansi, nomanje nangabe kukhona icalcium (Ca) nomma imagnesium (Mg) lengakeneli, kufakwa kwelime kulomhlabatsi kuyadzingeka. Emantongomane adzinga iesidi lesemkhatsini kuya ebutsakatsakeni kwentela kukhokha lokuhle, kanye nekukhula kwe ligciwane le Rhizobium, lekabalulekile kulamanitrogen-indlela yekulungiswa kwemantongomane emhlabatsini. Kufakwa kwe lime yekulima kungahluka emkhatsini we calcitic noma ilime ye dolomitic futsi kungashiyana ngesigaba lesenele.
ipH ye Mhlabatsi ivama kwehla (ngebu esidi) ngesikhatsi iammonium-ngekuya kwamanyolo iyasetjentiswa noma ngesikhatsi liphesenthi leliphakeme lemantongomane lihlanyelwa.
Phosphorus
Tidzingeko te phosphorus kwentela indzawo yetjani tivama kutsatselwa phansi phindze noma letindzawo tetjani tingaphila kutigaba letiphansi te phosphorus, kukhokha kwetjani kungabangaphansi lelengakukhona. Ngendzaba yekusebentisana emkhatsini wenitrogen ne phosphorus, iphosphorus ibaluleka kakhulu ngesikhatsi lenitrogen ifakwe kulendzawo yetjani. iPhosphorus (P) ibaluleke kakhulu ngemphumelelo yemkhicito wayo wemantongomane ikakhulu kundzawo ye lurcene leniselwe. Njengekutsi, tilwane letincane letinemacembe tivama kukhula etindzaweni letinekwehla kwemvula lephakeme, lapho iP kanye nelime yekulima kuvama kudzingeka.
Potassium
Ngesikhatsi indzawo lenetjani seyidliwe, cishe lokunganga 90% wePotassium (K) kuyatsatfwa ngesitoko sekudliwa kwakhiwe kubuyiselwe emuva kulomhlabatsi ngendlela yamanyolo kanye nemchamo. Nomakunjalo, uma indzawo yetjani ijutjwa njalonjalo kwentela tigadla tetjani noma isilage, ipotassiumm iyakhweshiswa. Kufananekutsi, i10 kg ye potassium iyakhweshiswa kwentela lonkhe lithani lwekuvitsita tjani lobutsandvwako (Eragrostics curvula) levunwako. Gadza sigaba lesingiso se potassium emhlabatsini ngekufakwa ngemnyaka.
Nitrogen
iNitrogen (N) isikhiya sekumkhicito loyimphumelelo wendzawo yetjani. Noma nguliphi luhlelo lwekuvundzisa, kumele kubekhona kulingana emkhatsini wenitrogen nemanutrients lafana nephosphorus ne potassium, tigaba kumele ticatsaniswe kwentela kutsi kubemantana kanye neluhlobo lwendzawo yetjani. iNitrogen ingafakwa ifike kutikhatsi letisitfupha kanye nekukhuphuka kwekufakwa kungashiyana ngemacembu endzawo yetjani, umkhicito, budze bekukhula kwesikhatsi, simo selituulu kanye nalapho umhlambi ulala khona. Indzawo yetjani lekhulako-yasehlobo isebentisa initrogen kakhulu ekucaleni kwesikhatsi sekukhula futsi kungaba yintfo lelitfuba kutsi kufakwe-ngetulu ngendlela lefanele.
Emantongomane lane Rhizobium le-tfutfukiswe kahle akadzingi initrogen. Nangabe indzawo lensha yemantongomane lenetjani ijika ibamtfubi, kungasho kutsi leligciwane le Rhizobium alikacali kulungisa initrogen kusuka emoyeni noma lesitjalo singabe sihlupheka kutfola initrogen leyenele. Kugcokiswa ngetulu kwenitrogen kungehlula letinkinga.
Tintfo letincane Letifunwako
Kungabikho noma kwehluleka kahle kwetinshwana letincane ikakhulu imolybdenum (Mo) kungavikela umkhicito wemantongomane, kepha kunganciphiseka malula. Kuhlolwa kwemhlabatsi kanye nesecwayiso kusuka kulocwayisako wetekulima kuyanconywa.
Yati kutsi: Lwati lwekufundza futsi tinjongo telwati kuphela futsi angeke sekutsatfwe njengesicwayiso sekufundzisa. Kwentela kutfolwa lwati loluningi ngekupha umhlabatsi wakho kanye nekuvundziswa kwendzawo lenetjani chumana nalonelwati ngekulima noma loletsako.
Translated by Phindile Malotana