Shaka Zulu
Ngemnyaka wa 1787, Senzangakhona, sikhulu lesincane semaZulu (lesatfola libito laso kumunye wemadvodzana aMalandela labekacabananjalo), wabanemntfwana wemfana ngaphandle kwasemshadweni, Shaka. Ngemuva kwekuphatsa inombolo yeminyaka kubutfo laDingiswayo, lapho ecela njengasomaqhinga wemasotja kanye netelihhovisi, Shaka waba sikhulu semaZulu ngemuva kwekushona kwa babe wakhe.
Ngaleso sikhatsi lamaZulu bakakadze alicembu lelincane lebantfu laba Yinkhulungwane neMakhulu laSihlanu, le Shaka bekakadze abefuna kulakha libene-nzima lenkhulu ekwakheni tembusave kumave lamancane. Kulamadvodza bekakadze amaningi abekhona kuphatsa kulamaZulu, wakha emabutfo labekakhula, ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi seminyaka lelishumi nakubili, wakha licembu lelilwa ngemandla lelalifaka emasotja emacembu abomakhelwane lakhululekile.
Ngekwentanjalo, wagucula sigodlo sakhe lesincane saba sive semaZulu lesikhulu. Ngemnyaka wa 1828 Shaka wabulawa bomnakabo-labatalwa ngumake wakhe, Dingane na Mhlangana. Ngemuva kwekucabana emkhatsini walabohuti bobabili kanye nebalandzeli, Dingane watfola sandla lesingetulu wase utsatsa kuphatsa lamacembu emaZulu.
Dingane bekete lolwati lwebusotja kwa Shaka kanye netindlela letinhle tebuholi lobekudzinga kutsi abambe letive tibendzawonye, ngakoke loko lobekwakhiwe ngu Shaka kwacala kwabhidlika. Tikhulu lebetilwa tasuka tahamba na Dingane akatfolanga lamandla ekubenta kutsi babuye.
Dingane
Labamhlophe labatohlala bacala kufika ku Natali lebeyikholoniwe ngekukhulisa tinombolo, kungeta kungavani lokusha ngaleto tikhatsi. Letintsatjana letiluhlata tatibonwa ngema Voortrekkers (balimi labamhlophe lebebahamba kusuka e eastern Cape) njengendzawo yabo lensha, benta kugucuka ku Dingane ngenca yendzawo lebebatohlala kiyo bese bacala emapulazi abo.
Inkhosi yema Zulu yayesaba kutsi lonamhlaba utobamncane ekugcineni kwalapho umkhulu khona lokutomenta ehle esikhundleni sakhe, ngako waba nePiet Retief, iVoortrekker lebeyifike kutokhuluma naye, nebantfu labahamba naye noma labahlala naye babulawa. Waphindze watfumela emasotja akhe kutsi ayobulala bafati kanye nebantfwana babo nemadvodza labekagadze emakhempu ase Voortrekker khashane ne Bloukrans, ledvute ne Escourt-lesekhona nalamuhla.
Labo labaphila bafunga, babanebudlelwane naNkulunkulu, kuphindzisela ngekufa kwabo kanye nekwakha lisontfo kwentela kumHlonipha umakutokwenteka bancobe emphini yemaZulu. Ngenyanga yeNgongoni natilishumi nesitfupha ngemnyaka wa 1838 emnceleni weMfula iNcome, leyabitwa ngekutsi Ngumfula weNgati, kuphindzisela kwabakubi nengati yacitseka. Emabutfo emaZulu langetulu kwetinkhulungwane letintsatfu abulawa emphini, abe umholi wase Voortrekker watfola kulimala lokuncane.
Lokwehlulwa kwabaluhlazo kantsi nemhlane weMandla aDingane wahleshulwa. Nomakunjalo, libutfo lakhe latfola kuncotjwa ngesikhatsi Mpande, umnkabo ngamake-wakhe lobesekunguyena abesesele, lobekasungule balandzeli wase wakha libutfo lelinemandla lamakhulu, bamuhlasela etintsatjaneni taseMangcongco dvute neligede lase Swatini. Dingane, inkhosi yemaZulu nyalo lebhacile lenebalandzeli labaningi, yetama kubaleka iye eSwatini kepha yabulawa ngaphambi kwekuba ifike khona.
Mpande, sive semaZulu lesiphetse sikhatsi lesidze ngemlandvo wemaZulu, yaphumelelisa Dingane esikhundleni yase iphatsa sigodlo sema Zulu lebesesinciphile kusuka ngemnyaka wa 1840 ngekufa kwakhe ngemnyaka wa 1872. Mpande watsatfwa ngekutsi akalimatani, umangabe angasiso silima kusho Dingane, ngakoke wabekwa ngesikhatsi Dingane atisusa ngekufoselelwa kufungelwa tihlobo esihlalweni.
Nomakunjalo, wakhombisa kuba ngumholi lowenta tincumo letikahle lowadlala kugcina kokubili kwetembusave — anake kutfobela lokusezingeni kepha lokuyimphumelelo kubomakhelwane bakhe labamhlophe kule Natali le Kholoniwe leseningizimu yeMfula iThukela, abe abuyisa kuphatsa ngetulu kanye nekutitfoba kwebalandzeli bakhe enyakatfo yemfula. Ngemuva kwekushona kwa Dingane, indvodzana yakhe, Cetshwayo, wabayinkhosi lensha ngemnyaka wa 1872.
Abeyindvodza lephushako lowamisa kugcizelela kakhulu kutiphatsa kwemasotja lokwentiwa ngumalume wakhe, Shaka, lakakusungula eminyakeni lemashumi lasihlanu ngaphambilini; ngaloku kwaabuya ligcabo lemaZulu nendleela yekutitfola. Intfo lebuhlungu yemasotja esive semaZulu enyakatfo yase Thukela yacala kutfumela kwetfuka ngetindlela teNatali le Kholoniwe. Betelihhovisi le Ndlovukati Victoria bebafuna kubona labaphetse bemaNgisi bachubekela kwengcela eAfrika, kusuka eCape kuya eCairo.
Emandla emaZulu abonwa ngekutsi ayingoti lenkhulu kulona mbono, bese imphi phakatsi kweMangisi kanye nemaZulu kwabayintfo letowenteka. Kwacala ngemuva kwekukhokhwa kwentfo lephocelelako leyakhokhwa ngema British leya kumaZulu ayinakwanga. Kucabana lokukhulu kwekucala kwenteka eIsandlwana ngenyanga yaBhimbidvwane natimshumi lamabili nakunye ngemnyaka wa 1879 ngesikhatsi emaZulu aniketa kwehlula lokukhulu lokwatfolwa ngemasotja emaBritish kumlandvo wawo wemakholonisi.
Lemphi yaphela eUlundi ngenyanga yaKholwane natitine ngemnyaka lofanako, ngesikhatsi emasotja aCetshwayo ehhovisi lelikhulu lelise Ondini abhubhiswa phansi kwatsi emasotja akhe ahanjiswa.
Umsebenti Lomusha waseHhovisi lemaZulu
Lihhovisi leteMakholonisi latsatsa lomsebenti wendzawo yemaZulu kwatsi ngekushesha labeka kunciphisa lamandla endlu yebukhosi ngekutsi bahlukanise emandla embusave phakatsi kwetigodzi tetikhulu letilishumi nakutsatfu letikhululekile. Loku kwachubela emphini, sikhatsi lesachubeka sakhula kanye nekukhula kwe Natali leyakholoniswa kulohulumende kanye nekugadvwa kwetindzaba temaZulu.
Ngekucalwa kwe Nyonyane ngemnyaka wa 1910 nekuphatsa kwalabamhlophe iNingizimu Afrika yonkhe, emandla alabamhlophe kwakhula kwatsi ematsemba enkhosi yemaZulu yekutsatsa lesive kwakhula ngekuma. Lesigaba sendvodzana ya Cetshwayo, Dinuzulu, kanye nemtukulu wakhe, Solomon, kwancishiswa njengaloko kwenkhosi lengiyo nje, babanelicala ngekuphatsa indzawo lencane leyake yaba sigodlo semaZulu.
Kungemnyaka wa 1950 lapho khona hulumende weSive akhetsa umtukulu-webatukulu beNkhosi Cetshwayo, Cyprian, njengemuntfu lobalulekile wemaZulu. Nomakunjalo, emandla enkhosi lesekhona nguwona abonwako. Njengekutsi, utfwala lizembe (inhlendla) emicimbini lemcoka, abe ahamba yonkhe imisebenti, emkhatsini wayo Umsebenti weMhlanga lowenteka ngemnyaka, lowacala kumenyetelwa ngemnyaka wa 1984.
Translated by Phindile Malotana