Shaka Zulu
Hi 1787, Senzangakhona, hosi leyintsongo ya ma Zulu (loyi a kumeke vito rakwe kusuka eka n’wana wa jaha wa Malandela), atava a kume n’wana wa jaha kusuka e handle ka vukati, Shaka. Endzhaku kaloko atava a pindzuke malembe yotala eka vuthu ra Dingiswayo, loyi anga tirha kahle tani hi socha ra vutlharhi, Shaka uvile hosi ya ma Zulu endzhaku ka rifu ra tata wayena.
Hinkarhi luwa rixaka ra ma Zulu ariri ntlawa lowuntsongo swinene wa vanhu lavanga ringanaka 1,500, laha Shaka ati yimisele ku aka naku hoxa xandla swinene eka ku antswisiwa ka tipolotiki ta tikonkulu. Kusuka eka vavanuna nyana va nhlayo yintsongo lava ari navona exikarhi ka ma Zulu, u sungurile vuthu, leri eka malembe ya 12, u kotile ku simeka vuthu rotiya leringa heta ri hlangana na mavhuthu ya tinxaka tinwana tale kusuhi swinene.
Hiku endla tano, u kotile ku hundzuluxa vuhosi byakwe lebyintsongo kuva byiva bya rixaka lerikulu swinene ra maZulu. Hi 1828 Shaka u dlawile hi mavakwavu wayena, Dingane na Mhlangana. Endzhaku kaloko kutava kuve na kutlulana milenge exikarhi ka vamakwavu lawa na vaseketeri, Dingane uvile na nkateko kutani a teka vurhangeri bya ma Zulu.
Dingane angari na vutlharhi loko swita eka swa vusocha tani hi Shaka xikan’we na vuswikoti eka swavurhangeri lebyi lavekaka ku khoma rixaka riva nyandza yin’we, leswi swiendle leswaku rixaka leri ari vumbiwile hi Shaka risungula ku avana. Tihosi leti ati kokela e tlhelo tisukile naswona Dingane angari na vuswikoti byaku tivuyerisa endzhawini yin’we.
Dingane
Vahlampfa va valungu se ava sungula ku fika e Natal hi xitalo swinene, leswi aswi nyanyisa ntlimbo swinene eka minkarhi yoleyo. Tintshava ta rihlaza ativoniwa hi ma Voortrekkers (van’wamapurasi lava avanga tsakangi lava ava suka e eastern Cape) tani hi ndzhawu yavona yintshwa, kutani vaendla swikombelo eka Dingane swa misava leyi vanga tshamaka eka yona kutani vasungula mapurasi yavona.
Hosi ya ma Zulu ayi chava leswaku leswi swita endla leswaku kuva naku khomelela kokarhi lokungata endla leswaku ekuheteleleni yisusiwa exitulwini, naswona swi endle leswaku ava na Piet Retief, xirho xa ma Voortrekker lexi kunga xona xingata kuta burisana na yena, xikan’we na mutirhi kuloni eka ku dlaya.
Utlhele a rhumela vuthu rakwe kuya dlaya vana na vavasati xikan’we na vavanuna lava ava rindza tinkamba tama Voortrekker endzhawini ya Bloukrans, kusuhi na laha namuntlha hinge hile Estcourt. Lava vanga pona va hlambanyile eka Xikwembu leswaku vata tlherisela eka mafu lawa kutani va aka kereke hiku xixixima eka kuhlula ka vona eka nyimpi ya vona na ma Zulu yihumelela.
Hiti 16 December 1838 eti buweni ta nambu wa Ncome River, lowunga hetelela wuthyiwa vito ra Blood River, kutlherisela aswivava swinene naswona ku halakile ngati swinene. Kutlula 3,000 wa masocha ya ma Zulu va dlawile eka nyimpi leyi, loko murhangeri wa Voortrekker alo vaviseka kantsongo.
Ku hluriwa loku aku nyumisa swinene naswona matimba ya Dingane aya vavisekile swinene. Hambiswiritano, vuthu rakwe rihetelele rihluriwa ra makumu loko Mpande, makwavu wa Dingane lowun’wana loyi a sele, loyi ari na nseketelo wukulu swinene kutani a aka vuthurikulu ra matimba, leringa n’wihlasela e tintshaveni ta Maqongqo kusuhi na ndzelekano wa Swaziland. Dingane, loyi se a hundzuke hosi ya ma Zulu ya muhlampfa na valandzeri vantsongo, u ringetile ku tsutsumela e Swaziland kambe u dlawile anga se fika.
Mpande, mufumi wa nkarhi woleha swinene eka matimu ya ma Zulu, kuve yena loyi anga fuma endzhaku ka Dingane naswona a fuma nhlayo leyinga hunguteka swinene ya ma Zulu kusuka hi 1840 kuya fika loko ata lova hi 1872. Mpande atekiwa tani hi mbyana leyingariki na meno, kumbe xiphukuphuku, hi Dingane, naswona anga tekeriwangi e nhlokweni hi Dingane loko a ringeta ku tirhana na vamakwavu wa yena lava avona vari na khombo swinene eka xitulu xayena xa vuhosi.
Hambiswiritano, uti kombile leswaku angari murhangeri wa nchumu hikuva hikuva anga tivi leswaku ayime kwihi eka timhaka ta tipolotiki— ayisa emahlweni atiyimisele ku yingiselanaku tirhisana na va akelani vayena e Colony of Natal edzongeni wa Thukela River, loko arikarhi a vuyelerisa vulawuri xikan’we naku kuma ntshembo eka valandzeri vakwe e nwalungwini wa nambu. Endzhaku ka rifu ra Dingane, nwana wakwe wa jaha, Cetshwayo, kuvile yena hosi leyintshwa hi 1872.
Ari wanuna loyi a endla leswaku swilo swihumelela laha anga kota naku vuyelerisa vulawuri bya vusocha bya papa ntsongo wa yena, Shaka, lebyi anga byi sungula kwalomuya ka malembe yaku ringana 50 lawa yanga hundza; leswi hiswona swinga vuyelerisa vutinyungubyisi bya ma Zulu xikan’we na ntshembo waleswaku vata humelela. Moya wa rixaka ra ma Zulu lawa lwaka nyimpi e n’walungwini wa Thukela yi sungule ku dzinginisa Natala hinkwayo.
Vatirhi va Queen Victoria ava tiyimiserile kuva vavona valungu va ndlandlamuxa vulawuri bya vona eka tikonkulu ra Afrika kusukela e Cape kuya e Cairo. Matimba ya ma Zulu aya voniwa yari xirhalanganya xikulu eka xivono lexi, kutani nyimpi exikarhi ka valungu na ma Zulu yivile kona. Yisungule loko ma British va humese marito lawa yanga honisiwa hi ma Zulu.
Nyimpi yosungula yive e Isandlwana hiti 21 January 1879 laha ma Zulu vangava na kuhlula lokukulu eka mavuthu ya British eka matimu ya vona. Nyimpi yihelele e Ulundi hiti 4 July lembe rero, loko tihofisi nkulu ta masocha ya Cetshwayo titava ti hlaseriwile kutani mavuthu ya hangalasiwa.
Vufambisi byi ntshwa bya Zululand
Hofisi ya vakoloni yiteke vulavuri bya Zululand naswona yita kota ku hunguta matimba ya yindlu ya vuhosi hikuva ku avanyisiwa matimba ya tipolotiki exikarhi ka tiyindlu ta 13 ta vuhosi. Leswi swiendle leswaku kuva na nyimpi yaka xin’wana, nkarhi lowunga tisa ntshikelelo kukatsa naku nghenelela ka vulawuri bya vakoloni vale Natal eka mfumo xikan’we navu lawuri bya xi Zulu.
Lokunga fika e makumu hi 1910 naswona valungu vasungula ku fuma Afrika Dzonga hinkwayo, laha matimba hinkwawo yanga tekiwa kutani ntshembo wa hosi ya ma Zulu waku kuma tiko wunga nyanya ku nyamalala. Xiyimo xa n’wana wa jaha wa Cetshwayo, Dinuzulu, xikan’we na ntukulu wakwe, Solomon, swinga hungutiwa kuya fikela eka vuhosi bya ntolovelo, laha ava siyiwe na vulawuri byintsongo eka ndzhawu yintsongo kusuka eka vuhosi byikulu bya ma Zulu.
Kuvile ntsena hi malembe yava 1950s laha mfumo wale xikarhi wunga thola ntukulu wa Cetshwayo wa jaha, Cyprian, tani hi hosinkulu ya ma Zulu. Hambiswiritano, matimba ya hosi yasweswi kulo sala vito ntsena. Loko swiritano, u khoma xihloka xo hlawuleka (inhlendla) eka mintirho yankoka ya tiko, naswona u rhangela mintirho yankoka swinene, eka yin’wana ku katswiwa ntirho wa lembe na lembe wa Reed Dznce, lowunga sungula ku endliwa hi lembe ra 1984.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni