Ukwenjiwa Kwezinto Zakade e-K2 Mapungubwe

Irhwebo Lenarhena leNeleenarharheni Zangaphandle

©Roger de la Harpe
Izinto ezimbalwa zitjengisa bona, eminyakeni edlulileko isitjhaba sabantu be-K2 bathi nabangena esifundenesi babamba baqinisa ekurhwebeni nabantu ababuya etlhagwini yanyangepumalanga. Isibonelo, kutholakale amakhulu wezinto ezenziwe nge-ivory andaweni yeK2, kusukela ekutholweni kwezinyo elipheleleko lendlovu, ukuya emabhengeleni kanye nencephu zalo.
Izinto zezandla ezenziwe nge-ivory zivamise ukuhlotjaniswa nemisebenzi yamadoda, begodu amanye ama-artefacts la kuqaleka inga bekenzwe ngomqopho wokusetjenziswa endaweni leyo. Nanyana kunjalo izinto ezinengi, zazenzwe ngomqopho wokobana zithengiselwe iinarha zangaphandle, njengobufakazo bensalela zeenqephu zomukhwa we-ivory ekuqatjangwa bona wawenziwe ngomqopho wokuwuthengisela imaraga ye-Arab.
Ukwenjiwa ekwenziwa endaweni ye-K2, kukhiphe amakhulu wemincamo engeniswe enarheni le, ubuya enarheni yangeGibhide nayeNdiya. Imincamo yegugu le, etholwe ngemibala eyahlukahlukeneko kusukela kohlaza kwesibhakabhaka kuya kohlaza satjani, kuqaleka inga banikwelwa wona ngomqopho wokubabhadalela nanyana njengebhadelo ye-ivory barhwebi ababuya e-Arab egwini langepumalanga. Kwagcina imincamo le sele iminengi khulu, okwenza abate be-K2 bona bagcine sele bawuncibilikisa benza ngawo umncamo munye omkhulu, ebizwa bona yi-‘gardern rollers’.
Lokho kwakwenziwa ngokutjhisa imincamo le ize inqibilike bese bawuthululela eemumathini zedaka. Kuqatjangwa bona lokhu bakwenzela bona imincamo le ikghone ukubambeka, begodu bazokukghona ukuwusebenzisa njengemalabo. Eminye yemincamo leyo ebizwa bona ma-gardern rollers atholakakala eendaweni ezingahlobani neK2 ezimabanga amakhilomitha ayi-300. Lobu bufakazi bomncamo wokuthoma weSewula Afrika.

Imincamo Namabhengela

©David Fleminger
Ukungezelela emincameni, indawo yeK2, yaletha imincamo eyenziwe ngekhopha embalwa kanye namabhengela, kutholwe (ikhopha, iincephu zebhalabhala kanye nokunye). Ngokwesiko, ikhopha ihlotjaniswa nabafazi, imikghabiso yekhopha kuqaleka inga yayidlala indima ekulotjhweni kwabezimu.
I-iron, ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ihlotjaniswa namadoda, begodu kutholakele iinkhali nanya iimpete zemikhonto ezinziwe ngayo kanye nezinye izinto endaweni le.
Okukarako, indawo ezombeleze IK2 ayindazo iinsalela ze-iron nanyana ikhopha (indawo eseduze lapha kutholakale khona ikhopha kuseMussina nekulibanga elimakhilomitha ayi-90, okutjho bona ikhopha etholwe khona le ivela endaweni ekude).
Lokhu kutjho bona abantu beK2 gade bamatasatasa barhweba nezinye iintjhaba egade zinekhopha/copper.
Kusepepenenei, bona abantu beK2, gade bathuthukisa irhwebo labo begodu banjingile bebaphumelela nangekwezepolotiki.
Kukhona ngitjho nobufakazi bona incenye yabantu bakade besitjhaba samaZhizo basala endaweni le, (nanyana babuya kiyo) bahlala endaweni ebizwa bona yi- Leokwe Hill, egade isebenza njengendawo yombuso onamandla wesiko lesitjhaba sabantu be-K2.

Isikhathi Sobukhosi

©Shem Compion
Ekungezeleleni ekurhwebeni, ubujamo obuhle bebhoduluko, babusisa abantu benarha yeK2 ngamasimu avundileko kanye nemihlambi yeenkomo ebeyihlala yanda ngaso soke iskhathi. Lokhu kungenzeka bona kwarholela ekutjhideni ekuqabangeni ngokufuna ukuhlanganyela izinto ukuya emqabangweni wokobana umuntu omunye nomunye abe nezinto zakhe. Njengombana abanye abantu bebanjinga, nanyana kunjalo, ihlalo labantu bendawo le gade litjhuguluke ngaphakathi emphakathini kwaze kwathi abantu abanjingileko baba bantu abaqakatheke khulu kwezepolotiki. Njeke kuthiwa, isikhathi sesigodlo (esafikelela esiqongolweni eMapungubwe) sathoma ngeminyaka yama-1000 AD ngesiko lesitjhaba se-K2.

Ukwenjiwa Kweenzibi

©David Fleminger
Okurarako, kokobana, ilwazi elinengi ngesikhathi nepilo yeK2 kubonwa ngokobana kuqalwe eenzibini. Njengeskhathi sanamhlanje, abantu beK2 benza iinzibi ezinengi ebazilahlako. Lokhu bekwenziwa ngokulahla indunduma yeenzibi ebizwa bona yi-midden. I-K2 inendunduma yamazala wakade eseduze kwezindlu amanengi.
Ukusukela enzibeni zabantu ebebahlala ngokuhlanganisela ukuya eenzibini zomuzi omncani ngemva kwekhitjhi lendlu ngayinye. Inezala lakade egade isesentha endaweni yeK2 egade limamitha ayi-4 ubudege.
Kulapha kwenjiwa khona khulu, ama-archaeologist’s lapha athole khona iinsalela zebumba enzibinezo, elitjengisa bona abantu bendawo ye-K2 gade bakhuluma ilimu lesiShona lakade, ekungaba si-Kalanga nanyana isiShona seTjingalanga.
Namhlanjesi, indawo ye-k2 inomgodi omkhulu owenjiwa ngeminyaka yama-1930s kwaphela. Izala elisesenta, nanyana kunjalo, lisabonakala, sele lifakelwe namabhorodo anelwazi elinabileko, elihlathulula ngabantu beK2 namaleya ahlukahlukeneko atholwe barhubhululi. Ngebhadi abantu abakavunywelwa, ukukweriyela endaweni ye-K2.
Kodwana kunamaqhinga wokokuyifaka ekhambeni lamasiko nasele baqedile ukwenza irhubhululo kiyo. Indawo yeK2 ingaphakathi kwendawo ye-Mapungubwe National Park, elikhilomitha linye nawusuka eMapungubwe Hill.

Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana