Ukugubha e-K2 - Mapungubwe

Ukuhweba Kwendawo Nokuhweba Namanye Amazwe

©Roger de la Harpe
Izinto eziningana zibonisa ukuthi, phakathi neminyaka, abantu baseK2 bafika bahlala esifundeni futhi babusa ezohwebo nabantu bempumalanga. Isibonelo, amakhulu ezinto ezakhwe ngezinyolo zendlovu zitholakale eK2, kusukela inzavula eziphelele kuya kwizibopho zezandla kuya kumasongo nezibazelo.
Ukusebenza kwezinyo lendlovu kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nesigaba samadoda sethonya, futhi ezinye zalezi zibukiswa zihloswe ukuthi zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwendawo. Izinto eziningi zenzelwe ukuhwebelana namazwe aphandle njengoba kuboniswa umphini wesikhali owenziwe ngezinyo lendlovu - wenzelwe imakethe yase-Arabia.
Ukugubha e-K2 nakho kwakhuphula izinkulungwane zezingilazi zangaphandle ezivela eGibhithe naseNdiya. Lobuhlalu obuyigugu, butholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene kusuka kweluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kweluhlaza. Mhlaumbe zanikezwa njengokukhokhwa kwezinyo lendlovu ngabadayisi base-Arab ogwini olusempumalanga.
Ubuhlalu obuningi kakhulu bakhiqizwa abantu baseK2 baqala ukubuncibilikisa phansi ukudala ubuhlalu obukhulu, obubizwa ngokuthi 'isenabiso sesivande'. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokushisa ubuhlalu kuze kube yilapho besuqothulwa bese bewuphonsa engxenyeni yobumba. Kucatshangwa ukuthi benza lokhu ukwenza ubuhlalu buphinde buphatheke kalula futhi ngaleyo ndlela busebenza ngokwengeziwe njengemali yendawo.
Ezinye zalezi zenabiso zezivande zabonwa kumasayithi asekudeni ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angamakhulu amathathu. Kuwubufakazi bokuqala bokusebenzisa ingilazi eningizimu ye-Afrika.

Ubuhlalu Nezigqizo

©David Fleminger
Njengesengezo kubuhlalu, i-K2 yakhiqiza ubuhlalu obuningi bezethusi namasongo, kanye nezinsalela zethusi. Ngokwesiko, ithusi lihlobene nabesifazane, futhi imihlobiso yethusi kungenzeka ukuthi ihlanganyele ekukhulekeleni kokhokho besifazane.
Insimbi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlotshaniswa namadoda, futhi izinhloko zemikhonto eminingi zensimbi ezinye zezinto ezitholakale kusayithi.
Indawo engezungeze i-K2 ayinayo idiphozi yensimbi noma ithusi (ithusi eliseduzane litholakala eMusina, cishe ngamakhilomitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalo sinye), kanti insimbi ingaba ivela kude. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu baseK2 babematasa ukuhweba nezinye izizwe ezisendaweni eziseduze ezafinyelela kulezi zinto.
Ngokusobala, abantu be-K2 babethuthukisa ulwazi lwabo kwezokuhweba futhi bathola umnotho omningi kanye nodumo kwezopolitiki.
Kukhona ngisho nobufakazi bokuthi ingxenye yabantu baseZhizo ngaphambili bahlala endaweni (noma babuyele endaweni) eduze nentaba yeLeokwe, ukuze basetshenziswe njengesikhonzi sombuso we-K2 onamandla kakhulu.

Isikhathi Sobukhosi

©Shem Compion
Ngaphandle kokuhweba, izimo ezithandekayo zemvelo zabusisa abantu baseK2 ngamasimu avundile kanye nezinkomo ezikhulayo. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kunomthelela ekushintsheni komqondo womphakathi kuya kumasiko omuntu nokwakhe yedwa.
Njengoba abantu abathile becebile, noma kunjalo, izinsizakalo zomphakathi zazizoshintsha emphakathini kuze kube yilapho abacebile beba osomapolitiki. Ngakho-ke, kuthiwa isiskhathi sobukhosi (esaduma kakhulu eMapungubwe) saqala cishe ngo-1000 AD kanye nesiko le-K2.

Ukugubha Udoti

©David Fleminger
Okumangalisa ukuthi, okuningi kwalolu lwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuphila ngezikhathi ze-K2 liye lwaqoqwa ngokubheka udoti, ngokoqobo. Njenganamuhla, abantu baseK2 bakhiqiza udoti omkhulu okwakudingeka ulahlwe.
Lokhu kwavame kwenziwa ngokuphonsa insalela enqwabeni yemfucuza, ebizwa ngokuthi izala (midden). I-K2 iqukethe inani lezala, kusukela endaweni yomphakathi enkulu kuya kwencane yasezindlini ngemuva kwamakhishi.
Izala elikhulu phakathi kwe-K2 (amamitha amane ubukhulu) bekuyindawo yokugubha okujulile, futhi abavubukuli baye baba nesikhathi esihle kakhulu phakathi nale nqwaba yedoti yangaphambi komlando.
Isibonelo, ukususwa okuvela enqwabeni yaledoti kubonise ukuthi abantu baseK2 bakhulume uhlobo lwesiShona onubizwa ngokuthi kalanga noma isiShona sasentshonalanga.
Namuhla, isayithi e-K2 iqukethe umgodi omkhulu owacutshungulwa ngo-1930 kanti akusena lutho ngaphezulu kwalokho.
Kodwa-ke, izala, ikhona, iyabonakala, futhi ihlanganiswe ngamabhodi amaningi achaza abantu baseK2 futhi ichaza izendlalelo ezihlukahlukene ezikhonjwe ngabaphenyi. Ngeshwa, i-K2 okwamanje ayivumi zivakashi zanamuhla.
Kodwa kunezinhlelo zokuyifaka njengegugu lamasiko lokuvakashela uma isayithi isisesimeni esifanele. I-K2 itholakala epaki yeMapungubwe (Mapungubwe National Park), ngaphansi kwekhilomitha elilodwa ukusuka entabeni yeMapungubwe.

Translated by Nsika Khoza