Ezokumba e K2-Mapungubwe

URhwebo lwaseKhaya kunye noLwaphesheya

©Roger de la Harpe
Inani lezinto libonisa ukuba eminyakeni, abantu base K2 bazinze kulengingqi baze baqinisa ikhono labo kwicala lezorhwebo pha kunxweme laseNtshona. Umzekelo, amakhulu e-ayivori ayafumaneka, ukusuka kwimiboko epheleleyo, iibhendi yengalo ukuya kubucwebe. Ukusebenza ne ayivori ngumsebenzi odityaniswa namadoda anempembelelo, kwaye obubuciko begolide babusenzelwa ukusetyenziswa ekhaya. Uninzi lwezizinto, lwenzelwe urhwebo lwangaphesheya, lonto ingqinwa yimela ye-ayivori ekukholelwa ukuba yayenzelwe ezorhwebo kwimakethi yase-Arabia.
Ukombiwa kwase K2 luzise amawaka eentsimbi egilasi eziphuma kumazwe wangaphandle e-Egypt nase India. Ezintsimbi zixabisekileyo, zifumaneka ngeendindi ezininzi zemibala esuka ku bhlowu ukuya kumbala oluhlaza, mhlawumbi bekubhatalwa ngazo kurhwebo le ayivori ngaba rhwebi base Arab pha kunxweme lwaseNtshona. Ezintsimbi ziye zaxhaphaka kakhulu kwaye abantu base K2 baqale ukuzinyibilikisa ukwenza iintsimbi ezibizwa njenge ‘ntsiimbi zasegadini’. Lento ibesenzeka ngokutshisa iintsimbi zide zitshe bazigalele kwizitya ezenziwe ngebumba yodongo. Kuthiwa lento bebeyenzela ukwenza ezintsimbi zikwazi ukuba yimali esetyenziswa ngumphakhathi. Ezinye zezi ‘ntsimbi zasegadini’ zivelile nakwindawo ezingenabudlelwane nazo, ezingange khilomitha eziyi 300. Ubungqina obukhoyo buchaza ukuba kudala sisebenza nge-glasi apha eMzantsi Afrika.

Iintsimbi kunye noBucwebe

©David Fleminger
Ukongezelela kwiintsimbi, i-K2 ivelise iintsimbi zekhopha kunye nobucwebe, kunye nentsalelela yomsebenzi wekhopha efana (ikhopha eyophukileyo nendala kunye nemibhobho yayo).
Ngokwesintu, ikhopha idityaniswa nabafazi, kwaye imihlobiso yekhopha idlale indima enkulu ekunquleni isinyanya esingumfazi. Intsimbi yona kwelinye icala, idityaniswa namadoda, ne mikhonto kunye nezinye izinto ziyafumaneka endaweni.
Ngokumangalisayo, indawo yase K2 ayina ntsalela yentsimbi okanye eyekhopha (efumanekayo ikhopha ise Musina, kangange khilomitha ezingamashumi alithoba 90km, kwaye nentsimbi iphuma kude). Lonto ithetha ukuba abantu base K2 beberhweba nezinye iintlanga ezikufuphi nabo.
Ngokucacileyo, abantu base K2 bebephuhilsa ikhono labo kwezorhwebo, ngalondlela batsho bafumana ubutyebi kunye nodumo kwipolitiki.
Kukho ubungqina obuveza ukuba icandelo labantu base Zhizo baye bashiyeka (okanye babuyela) baze bahlala ngasentabeni i-Leokwe, bonelisekile kukuhlala kulondawo kuba i-K2 ibinenkcubeko ephezulu.

Ixesha laseBukhosini

©Shem Compion
Ukongeza kwezorhwebo, iimeko zemozulu ezilungileyo, ziye sikelela abantu base K2 kuba ngamadlelo achumileyo kunye nokwanda kwemfuyo yenkomo. Lonto iye yongeza kutshintsho lwengqondo, ukusuka pha kwindawo yomphakathi ukuya kwisiko lokwakha indawo yokuhlala yabucala, Abantu baye babazizityebi, imeko yokuhlala yatshintsha nezityebi zabanomfutho kweze politiki. Kuthiwa ixesha lobukhosi liqale ngethuba le 1000 AD kubantu base K2.

Ukombela Inkunkuma

©David Fleminger
Ngokumangalisayo, olulwazi lubalilekiyo malunga ngobomi nexesha le K2, luqokelelwe ngokuchola-chola ipisana zawo kwinkunkuma. Namhlanje, abantu base K2 benza inqwaba yenkunkuma efunwa ukulahlwa.
Lento yenzeka ngokulahla imfumba yamatye enkunkuma. i-K2 inenqwaba yenkunkuma, ukusuka kwinkunkuma yendawo ehlala abantu abaninzi ukuya kudoti ofumaneka emakhitshini. Indawo yenkunkuma e-K2 (ibinzulu ngemitha ezine 4) ibiyiyo indawo yokungcwaba inkunkuma, kwaye nabantu abafunda ngezinto zakudala bebenexesha elimnandi xa bevumbulula yonke lenkunkuma.
Umzekelo, uqikelelo olusuka pha kwintsalela yezobumbo lubonakalisa ukuba abantu base K2 bebethetha ulwimi lwesi-Shona ingakumbi i-Kalanga okanye isiShona saseNtshona.
Namhlanje, lendawo yase K2 iquka umgodi omkhulu oye wombelwa ngeminyaka ye-1930s. Indawo yenkunkuma isabonakala, kwaye ikhatshwa zibhodi zolwazi ezichaza ngabantu base K2 kwaye ziphawule ngemibono yabaphandi.
Ngelishwa, i-K2 ayifikeleleki kubatyeleli banamhlanje. Kodwa kukhona amalinge okuba yenziwe indawo ye-Heritage xa imisiwe. i-K2 ikwi paki yelizwe i-Mapubungwe, ikude ngekhilomitha enye kwintaba i-Mapungubwe.

Translated by Aviwe Damane